Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural Network

When a line-commutated converter–high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system with large-scale integration of renewable energy encounters HVDC-blocking events, the sending-end power system is prone to transient overvoltage (TOV) risks. Renewable energy units that are connected via powe...

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Main Authors: Guangyao Wang, Jun Liu, Jiacheng Liu, Yuting Li, Tianxiao Mo, Sheng Ju
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1090
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author Guangyao Wang
Jun Liu
Jiacheng Liu
Yuting Li
Tianxiao Mo
Sheng Ju
author_facet Guangyao Wang
Jun Liu
Jiacheng Liu
Yuting Li
Tianxiao Mo
Sheng Ju
author_sort Guangyao Wang
collection DOAJ
description When a line-commutated converter–high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system with large-scale integration of renewable energy encounters HVDC-blocking events, the sending-end power system is prone to transient overvoltage (TOV) risks. Renewable energy units that are connected via power electronic devices are susceptible to large-scale cascading disconnections due to electrical endurance and insulation limitations when subjected to an excessively high TOV, which poses a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the system. Therefore, the prediction of TOV at renewable energy stations (RES) under DC blocking (DCB) scenarios is crucial for developing strategies for the high-voltage ride-through of renewable energy sources and ensuring system stability. In this paper, an approximate analytical expression for the TOV at RES under DCB fault conditions is firstly derived, based on a simplified equivalent circuit of the sending-end system that includes multiple DC transmission lines and RES, which can take into consideration the multiple renewable station short-circuit ratio (MRSCR). Building on this, a knowledge-embedded enhanced deep neural network (KEDNN) approach is proposed for predicting the RES’s TOV for complex power systems. By incorporating theoretical calculation values of the TOV into the input features, the task of the deep neural network (DNN) shifts from mining relationships within large datasets to revealing the correlation patterns between theoretical calculations and real values, thereby improving the robustness of the prediction model in cases of insufficient training data and irrational feature construction. Finally, the proposed method is tested on a real-world regional power system in China, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The approximate analytical expression for the TOV at RES and the KEDNN-based TOV prediction method proposed in this paper can provide valuable references for scholars and engineers working in the field of power system operation and control, particularly in the areas of overvoltage theoretical calculation and mitigation.
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spelling doaj-art-bdfce8d7fbb846e09afaa59915a96df92025-08-20T02:58:58ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-01185109010.3390/en18051090Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural NetworkGuangyao Wang0Jun Liu1Jiacheng Liu2Yuting Li3Tianxiao Mo4Sheng Ju5School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaWhen a line-commutated converter–high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system with large-scale integration of renewable energy encounters HVDC-blocking events, the sending-end power system is prone to transient overvoltage (TOV) risks. Renewable energy units that are connected via power electronic devices are susceptible to large-scale cascading disconnections due to electrical endurance and insulation limitations when subjected to an excessively high TOV, which poses a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the system. Therefore, the prediction of TOV at renewable energy stations (RES) under DC blocking (DCB) scenarios is crucial for developing strategies for the high-voltage ride-through of renewable energy sources and ensuring system stability. In this paper, an approximate analytical expression for the TOV at RES under DCB fault conditions is firstly derived, based on a simplified equivalent circuit of the sending-end system that includes multiple DC transmission lines and RES, which can take into consideration the multiple renewable station short-circuit ratio (MRSCR). Building on this, a knowledge-embedded enhanced deep neural network (KEDNN) approach is proposed for predicting the RES’s TOV for complex power systems. By incorporating theoretical calculation values of the TOV into the input features, the task of the deep neural network (DNN) shifts from mining relationships within large datasets to revealing the correlation patterns between theoretical calculations and real values, thereby improving the robustness of the prediction model in cases of insufficient training data and irrational feature construction. Finally, the proposed method is tested on a real-world regional power system in China, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The approximate analytical expression for the TOV at RES and the KEDNN-based TOV prediction method proposed in this paper can provide valuable references for scholars and engineers working in the field of power system operation and control, particularly in the areas of overvoltage theoretical calculation and mitigation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1090transient overvoltageDC blockingdeep neural networkmultiple renewable station short-circuit ratio
spellingShingle Guangyao Wang
Jun Liu
Jiacheng Liu
Yuting Li
Tianxiao Mo
Sheng Ju
Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural Network
Energies
transient overvoltage
DC blocking
deep neural network
multiple renewable station short-circuit ratio
title Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural Network
title_full Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural Network
title_fullStr Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural Network
title_full_unstemmed Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural Network
title_short Transient Overvoltage Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Stations via Knowledge-Embedded Enhanced Deep Neural Network
title_sort transient overvoltage prediction method for renewable energy stations via knowledge embedded enhanced deep neural network
topic transient overvoltage
DC blocking
deep neural network
multiple renewable station short-circuit ratio
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1090
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AT jiachengliu transientovervoltagepredictionmethodforrenewableenergystationsviaknowledgeembeddedenhanceddeepneuralnetwork
AT yutingli transientovervoltagepredictionmethodforrenewableenergystationsviaknowledgeembeddedenhanceddeepneuralnetwork
AT tianxiaomo transientovervoltagepredictionmethodforrenewableenergystationsviaknowledgeembeddedenhanceddeepneuralnetwork
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