Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback

Non-destructive tree phenotyping for resistance screening and early, presymptomatic disease detection figures prominently among the most important practical limitations inherent in forest health management. The need for point-of-care tools is particularly acute for managing diseases caused by non-na...

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Main Authors: Pierluigi Bonello, Anna O. Conrad, Dušan Sadiković, Mateusz Liziniewicz, Michelle Cleary
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1588428/full
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author Pierluigi Bonello
Anna O. Conrad
Dušan Sadiković
Mateusz Liziniewicz
Michelle Cleary
author_facet Pierluigi Bonello
Anna O. Conrad
Dušan Sadiković
Mateusz Liziniewicz
Michelle Cleary
author_sort Pierluigi Bonello
collection DOAJ
description Non-destructive tree phenotyping for resistance screening and early, presymptomatic disease detection figures prominently among the most important practical limitations inherent in forest health management. The need for point-of-care tools is particularly acute for managing diseases caused by non-native pathogens, often resulting in difficult-to-control biological invasions. One such case is represented by ash dieback in Europe, caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which has led Sweden to red-list its main host, European ash (Fraxinus excelsior). We evaluated the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and machine learning for detection of presymptomatic infections by H. fraxineus and identification of disease-resistance European ash accessions. Here, we show that presymptomatic infected trees can be distinguished from pathogen-free trees with a testing error rate of 0.161 in a controlled inoculation experiment. We also show that the same approach can be used to identify disease-resistant European ash accessions based on data from two independent, multiyear clonal trials, with a testing error rate of 0.155. These results confirm that NIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning is sensitive enough for early disease detection and resistance screening in this system. This is consistent with prior findings in other tree pathosystems and suggests that this approach could be developed into an operational tool to facilitate the management of biological invasions of forest environments by non-native pathogens, including habitat restoration with resistant germplasm.
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spelling doaj-art-bdee5d9cb35c45feb5346318f364753d2025-08-20T03:31:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2025-06-01810.3389/ffgc.2025.15884281588428Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash diebackPierluigi Bonello0Anna O. Conrad1Dušan Sadiković2Mateusz Liziniewicz3Michelle Cleary4Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesUSDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Delaware, OH, United StatesSouthern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, SwedenSkogforsk – The Forest Research Institute, Ekebo, SwedenSouthern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, SwedenNon-destructive tree phenotyping for resistance screening and early, presymptomatic disease detection figures prominently among the most important practical limitations inherent in forest health management. The need for point-of-care tools is particularly acute for managing diseases caused by non-native pathogens, often resulting in difficult-to-control biological invasions. One such case is represented by ash dieback in Europe, caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which has led Sweden to red-list its main host, European ash (Fraxinus excelsior). We evaluated the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and machine learning for detection of presymptomatic infections by H. fraxineus and identification of disease-resistance European ash accessions. Here, we show that presymptomatic infected trees can be distinguished from pathogen-free trees with a testing error rate of 0.161 in a controlled inoculation experiment. We also show that the same approach can be used to identify disease-resistant European ash accessions based on data from two independent, multiyear clonal trials, with a testing error rate of 0.155. These results confirm that NIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning is sensitive enough for early disease detection and resistance screening in this system. This is consistent with prior findings in other tree pathosystems and suggests that this approach could be developed into an operational tool to facilitate the management of biological invasions of forest environments by non-native pathogens, including habitat restoration with resistant germplasm.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1588428/fullash diebackdisease resistanceearly detectionEuropean ashnon-destructive phenotyping
spellingShingle Pierluigi Bonello
Anna O. Conrad
Dušan Sadiković
Mateusz Liziniewicz
Michelle Cleary
Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
ash dieback
disease resistance
early detection
European ash
non-destructive phenotyping
title Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback
title_full Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback
title_fullStr Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback
title_full_unstemmed Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback
title_short Point-of-care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback
title_sort point of care diagnostics and resistance phenotyping to combat ash dieback
topic ash dieback
disease resistance
early detection
European ash
non-destructive phenotyping
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1588428/full
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AT dusansadikovic pointofcarediagnosticsandresistancephenotypingtocombatashdieback
AT mateuszliziniewicz pointofcarediagnosticsandresistancephenotypingtocombatashdieback
AT michellecleary pointofcarediagnosticsandresistancephenotypingtocombatashdieback