Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic Environment

Coral reefs thrive in nutrients-poor waters, and their survival strategy in such oligotrophic marine environments remains largely unexplored. Current coral research has focused on the interplay between the animal hosts, symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae, and associated bacteria, with little attention given...

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Main Authors: Yawen Liu, Yanying Hua, Yan Yi, Jicai Liu, Pengcheng Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/748
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author Yawen Liu
Yanying Hua
Yan Yi
Jicai Liu
Pengcheng Fu
author_facet Yawen Liu
Yanying Hua
Yan Yi
Jicai Liu
Pengcheng Fu
author_sort Yawen Liu
collection DOAJ
description Coral reefs thrive in nutrients-poor waters, and their survival strategy in such oligotrophic marine environments remains largely unexplored. Current coral research has focused on the interplay between the animal hosts, symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae, and associated bacteria, with little attention given to their individual interactions. Here, we integrated biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabonomic analyses of the clade D Symbiodiniaceae strain AG11 to investigate the growth-assisting mechanisms of symbiotic bacteria. Our findings indicate that metabolic trophallaxis between Symbiodiniaceae and symbiotic bacteria plays a crucial role in enhancing survival and population growth under nitrogen-depleted conditions, commonly found in typical coral habitats. Notably, the exchange of organic compounds between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria significantly boosts nitrogen uptake in their free-living state. Furthermore, we demonstrated how beneficial bacteria influence the survival of Symbiodiniaceae in response to environmental changes, which are vital for coping with nitrogen-depleted conditions where coral reefs are particularly vulnerable.
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id doaj-art-bde78b13dc1e43349f86ba48dfa30180
institution DOAJ
issn 2076-2607
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Microorganisms
spelling doaj-art-bde78b13dc1e43349f86ba48dfa301802025-08-20T03:13:32ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-03-0113474810.3390/microorganisms13040748Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic EnvironmentYawen Liu0Yanying Hua1Yan Yi2Jicai Liu3Pengcheng Fu4School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, ChinaSchool of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, ChinaSchool of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, ChinaSchool of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, ChinaCoral reefs thrive in nutrients-poor waters, and their survival strategy in such oligotrophic marine environments remains largely unexplored. Current coral research has focused on the interplay between the animal hosts, symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae, and associated bacteria, with little attention given to their individual interactions. Here, we integrated biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabonomic analyses of the clade D Symbiodiniaceae strain AG11 to investigate the growth-assisting mechanisms of symbiotic bacteria. Our findings indicate that metabolic trophallaxis between Symbiodiniaceae and symbiotic bacteria plays a crucial role in enhancing survival and population growth under nitrogen-depleted conditions, commonly found in typical coral habitats. Notably, the exchange of organic compounds between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria significantly boosts nitrogen uptake in their free-living state. Furthermore, we demonstrated how beneficial bacteria influence the survival of Symbiodiniaceae in response to environmental changes, which are vital for coping with nitrogen-depleted conditions where coral reefs are particularly vulnerable.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/748coral-associated bacterianitrogen sourceorganic compoundsSymbiodiniaceaetrophallaxis
spellingShingle Yawen Liu
Yanying Hua
Yan Yi
Jicai Liu
Pengcheng Fu
Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic Environment
Microorganisms
coral-associated bacteria
nitrogen source
organic compounds
Symbiodiniaceae
trophallaxis
title Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic Environment
title_full Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic Environment
title_fullStr Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic Environment
title_full_unstemmed Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic Environment
title_short Coral-Associated Bacteria Provide Alternative Nitrogen Source for Symbiodiniaceae Growth in Oligotrophic Environment
title_sort coral associated bacteria provide alternative nitrogen source for symbiodiniaceae growth in oligotrophic environment
topic coral-associated bacteria
nitrogen source
organic compounds
Symbiodiniaceae
trophallaxis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/748
work_keys_str_mv AT yawenliu coralassociatedbacteriaprovidealternativenitrogensourceforsymbiodiniaceaegrowthinoligotrophicenvironment
AT yanyinghua coralassociatedbacteriaprovidealternativenitrogensourceforsymbiodiniaceaegrowthinoligotrophicenvironment
AT yanyi coralassociatedbacteriaprovidealternativenitrogensourceforsymbiodiniaceaegrowthinoligotrophicenvironment
AT jicailiu coralassociatedbacteriaprovidealternativenitrogensourceforsymbiodiniaceaegrowthinoligotrophicenvironment
AT pengchengfu coralassociatedbacteriaprovidealternativenitrogensourceforsymbiodiniaceaegrowthinoligotrophicenvironment