Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study
Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and evaluate its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Gujarat, India. Methods This cross-sectional study included 432 adults with T2DM attend...
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BMC
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-024-00199-0 |
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| author | M. Yogesh Mansi Mody Naresh Makwana Jenish Patel |
| author_facet | M. Yogesh Mansi Mody Naresh Makwana Jenish Patel |
| author_sort | M. Yogesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and evaluate its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Gujarat, India. Methods This cross-sectional study included 432 adults with T2DM attending a Non-Communicable Disease clinic. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance, and clinical parameters were assessed. NWO was defined as normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²) with high body fat percentage (≥ 25% for men, ≥ 32% for women). Cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile, were evaluated. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multivariate logistic regression. Results The prevalence of NWO was 33% among the study population. Significant discordance was observed between BMI classification and body fat percentage, with 91% of males and 51.8% of females with normal BMI having obese levels of body fat. Individuals with NWO demonstrated higher cardiometabolic risk profiles compared to non-obese counterparts, including elevated random blood glucose levels (290 ± 110 mg/dL vs. 180 ± 80 mg/dL, p < 0.001), higher systolic (148.8 ± 25.4 mmHg vs. 122.5 ± 19.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (98.5 ± 55.6 mmHg vs. 78.6 ± 36.6 mmHg, p < 0.001), and increased prevalence of hypertension (61% vs. 15%, p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between body fat percentage and random blood sugar levels (r = 0.504, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age, duration of diabetes, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure as independent factors associated with NWO. Conclusion The high prevalence of NWO and its significant association with adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM patients underscores the limitations of using BMI alone for obesity assessment. These findings highlight the need for incorporating body composition analysis in routine clinical practice to improve risk stratification and management strategies in T2DM patients, particularly in the Asian Indian population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bde447e0ecb848c095de21be0006ebf0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2055-8260 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-bde447e0ecb848c095de21be0006ebf02025-08-20T02:39:52ZengBMCClinical Diabetes and Endocrinology2055-82602024-12-0110111010.1186/s40842-024-00199-0Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional studyM. Yogesh0Mansi Mody1Naresh Makwana2Jenish Patel3Department of Community Medicine, Shri M P Shah Government Medical CollegeShri M P Shah Government Medical CollegeDepartment of Community Medicine, Shri M P Shah Government Medical CollegeDepartment of Community Medicine, Shri M P Shah Government Medical CollegeAbstract Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and evaluate its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Gujarat, India. Methods This cross-sectional study included 432 adults with T2DM attending a Non-Communicable Disease clinic. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance, and clinical parameters were assessed. NWO was defined as normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²) with high body fat percentage (≥ 25% for men, ≥ 32% for women). Cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile, were evaluated. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multivariate logistic regression. Results The prevalence of NWO was 33% among the study population. Significant discordance was observed between BMI classification and body fat percentage, with 91% of males and 51.8% of females with normal BMI having obese levels of body fat. Individuals with NWO demonstrated higher cardiometabolic risk profiles compared to non-obese counterparts, including elevated random blood glucose levels (290 ± 110 mg/dL vs. 180 ± 80 mg/dL, p < 0.001), higher systolic (148.8 ± 25.4 mmHg vs. 122.5 ± 19.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (98.5 ± 55.6 mmHg vs. 78.6 ± 36.6 mmHg, p < 0.001), and increased prevalence of hypertension (61% vs. 15%, p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between body fat percentage and random blood sugar levels (r = 0.504, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age, duration of diabetes, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure as independent factors associated with NWO. Conclusion The high prevalence of NWO and its significant association with adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM patients underscores the limitations of using BMI alone for obesity assessment. These findings highlight the need for incorporating body composition analysis in routine clinical practice to improve risk stratification and management strategies in T2DM patients, particularly in the Asian Indian population.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-024-00199-0Type-2 diabetesObesityNormal weight obesityBMIBody fat percentage |
| spellingShingle | M. Yogesh Mansi Mody Naresh Makwana Jenish Patel Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology Type-2 diabetes Obesity Normal weight obesity BMI Body fat percentage |
| title | Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | exploring the silent epidemic investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus in india a cross sectional study |
| topic | Type-2 diabetes Obesity Normal weight obesity BMI Body fat percentage |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-024-00199-0 |
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