Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes

<i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> is a deciduous tree with significant economic and medicinal value. It demonstrates notable physiological adaptability to mining areas with severe manganese contamination and is a pioneering species in the field of ecological restoration. Flavonoids are vita...

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Main Authors: Zhiyuan Hu, Yiwang Tang, Jihui Zhang, Taotao Li, Yihan Wang, Yani Huang, Yunlin Zhao, Guiyan Yang, Zhenggang Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/883
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author Zhiyuan Hu
Yiwang Tang
Jihui Zhang
Taotao Li
Yihan Wang
Yani Huang
Yunlin Zhao
Guiyan Yang
Zhenggang Xu
author_facet Zhiyuan Hu
Yiwang Tang
Jihui Zhang
Taotao Li
Yihan Wang
Yani Huang
Yunlin Zhao
Guiyan Yang
Zhenggang Xu
author_sort Zhiyuan Hu
collection DOAJ
description <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> is a deciduous tree with significant economic and medicinal value. It demonstrates notable physiological adaptability to mining areas with severe manganese contamination and is a pioneering species in the field of ecological restoration. Flavonoids are vital secondary metabolites that improve plant resilience to environmental stresses. In the study presented herein, immature and mature fruits of <i>B. papyrifera</i> grown in normal and high manganese environments were used as the test materials. <i>B. papyrifera</i> fruit was subjected to transcriptome sequencing via high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze its flavonoid metabolic pathways and related genes. Transcriptome sequencing identified a total of 46,072 unigenes, with an average length of 1248 bp and a percentage of Q30 bases ranging from 92.45 to 93.17%. Furthermore, 31,792 unigenes (69% of the total) were annotated using eight databases, including the GO and KEGG. Analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways and flavonoid content trends in <i>B. papyrifera</i> fruits revealed four unigenes with strong links to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway under manganese stress: flavone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoids 3′,5′-O-methyltransferase, chalcone synthase, and flavonol synthase. These unigenes may play important roles in regulating flavonoid synthesis in <i>B. papyrifera</i> fruits under manganese stress. This study lays the groundwork for functional gene research in <i>B. papyrifera</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-bdd3aab77fd245acbef599ff600cd7342025-08-20T01:48:49ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-0114688310.3390/plants14060883Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis GenesZhiyuan Hu0Yiwang Tang1Jihui Zhang2Taotao Li3Yihan Wang4Yani Huang5Yunlin Zhao6Guiyan Yang7Zhenggang Xu8Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-Hua, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-Hua, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Lab of Dark Tea and Jin-Hua, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China<i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> is a deciduous tree with significant economic and medicinal value. It demonstrates notable physiological adaptability to mining areas with severe manganese contamination and is a pioneering species in the field of ecological restoration. Flavonoids are vital secondary metabolites that improve plant resilience to environmental stresses. In the study presented herein, immature and mature fruits of <i>B. papyrifera</i> grown in normal and high manganese environments were used as the test materials. <i>B. papyrifera</i> fruit was subjected to transcriptome sequencing via high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze its flavonoid metabolic pathways and related genes. Transcriptome sequencing identified a total of 46,072 unigenes, with an average length of 1248 bp and a percentage of Q30 bases ranging from 92.45 to 93.17%. Furthermore, 31,792 unigenes (69% of the total) were annotated using eight databases, including the GO and KEGG. Analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways and flavonoid content trends in <i>B. papyrifera</i> fruits revealed four unigenes with strong links to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway under manganese stress: flavone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoids 3′,5′-O-methyltransferase, chalcone synthase, and flavonol synthase. These unigenes may play important roles in regulating flavonoid synthesis in <i>B. papyrifera</i> fruits under manganese stress. This study lays the groundwork for functional gene research in <i>B. papyrifera</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/883<i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i>heavy metal stressflavonoidmolecular response
spellingShingle Zhiyuan Hu
Yiwang Tang
Jihui Zhang
Taotao Li
Yihan Wang
Yani Huang
Yunlin Zhao
Guiyan Yang
Zhenggang Xu
Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes
Plants
<i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i>
heavy metal stress
flavonoid
molecular response
title Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes
title_full Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes
title_fullStr Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes
title_short Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> Fruit Under Manganese Stress and Mining of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes
title_sort transcriptomic analysis of i broussonetia papyrifera i fruit under manganese stress and mining of flavonoid synthesis genes
topic <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i>
heavy metal stress
flavonoid
molecular response
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/883
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