Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk
Abstract The relationship between Streptococcus mutans and dental caries has been a key focus of research due to the widespread prevalence of caries in humans. In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Chenopodium murale (C. murale) extract against Streptococcus mutans by the...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00127-x |
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| author | Sumaira Kanwal Shazia Perveen Huma Hameed Sadia Tahir Rehmana Rashid Mohammad Raish Sadia Bashir Khudija Zaffar Ali Irfan Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych Saleha Faheem Ajaz Ahmad Muhammad Kashif Yousef A. Bin Jardan |
| author_facet | Sumaira Kanwal Shazia Perveen Huma Hameed Sadia Tahir Rehmana Rashid Mohammad Raish Sadia Bashir Khudija Zaffar Ali Irfan Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych Saleha Faheem Ajaz Ahmad Muhammad Kashif Yousef A. Bin Jardan |
| author_sort | Sumaira Kanwal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The relationship between Streptococcus mutans and dental caries has been a key focus of research due to the widespread prevalence of caries in humans. In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Chenopodium murale (C. murale) extract against Streptococcus mutans by the application of 10 µL of ethanolic extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration test was used for antimicrobial sensitivity by the application of ethanolic extracts of C. murale. The zone of inhibition diameter made by the extract of C. murale, was measured at 12 mm and compared with the standard reference ampicillin and clindamycin antibiotic drugs, measured at 20 mm and 30 mm, respectively. Moreover, the FTIR analysis showed alkyl halide, phenyl, carbonyl, alkane, amines, and alcohol functional groups in C. murale extract. The C. murale plant extract has significant and comparable therapeutic efficacy with reference to the ampicillin reference drug against the bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans, on account of scavenging bond stretches with fewer side effects owing to its natural origin. Further, presence of coumarin in the pure extract of C. murale was confirmed by TLC method. The anti-Streptococcus mutans activity of the C. murale ethanolic extract was found with the MIC of 1.469 mg/mL and MBC of 4.260 and cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans linked to pH drop was also inhibited significantly. Our study clearly indicated that this plant extract thus can potentially be used as a commercialized product in near future for the prevention of dental caries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bdb4469f821e4472a2ee1e3060edfa68 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-bdb4469f821e4472a2ee1e3060edfa682025-08-20T02:55:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-00127-xEvaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries riskSumaira Kanwal0Shazia Perveen1Huma Hameed2Sadia Tahir3Rehmana Rashid4Mohammad Raish5Sadia Bashir6Khudija Zaffar7Ali Irfan8Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych9Saleha Faheem10Ajaz Ahmad11Muhammad Kashif12Yousef A. Bin Jardan13COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal CampusDepartment of Zoology, The Women University MultanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central PunjabDepartment of microbiology and molecular genetics, The Women University MultanDepartment of Pharmacy, The Women University MultanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Botany, The Women UniversityCOMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal CampusDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University FaisalabadDepartment of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of LublinFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central PunjabDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental CollegeDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityAbstract The relationship between Streptococcus mutans and dental caries has been a key focus of research due to the widespread prevalence of caries in humans. In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Chenopodium murale (C. murale) extract against Streptococcus mutans by the application of 10 µL of ethanolic extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration test was used for antimicrobial sensitivity by the application of ethanolic extracts of C. murale. The zone of inhibition diameter made by the extract of C. murale, was measured at 12 mm and compared with the standard reference ampicillin and clindamycin antibiotic drugs, measured at 20 mm and 30 mm, respectively. Moreover, the FTIR analysis showed alkyl halide, phenyl, carbonyl, alkane, amines, and alcohol functional groups in C. murale extract. The C. murale plant extract has significant and comparable therapeutic efficacy with reference to the ampicillin reference drug against the bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans, on account of scavenging bond stretches with fewer side effects owing to its natural origin. Further, presence of coumarin in the pure extract of C. murale was confirmed by TLC method. The anti-Streptococcus mutans activity of the C. murale ethanolic extract was found with the MIC of 1.469 mg/mL and MBC of 4.260 and cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans linked to pH drop was also inhibited significantly. Our study clearly indicated that this plant extract thus can potentially be used as a commercialized product in near future for the prevention of dental caries.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00127-xAntibacterial activityChenopodium muraleDental cariesPlant extractSaliva samplesStreptococcus mutans |
| spellingShingle | Sumaira Kanwal Shazia Perveen Huma Hameed Sadia Tahir Rehmana Rashid Mohammad Raish Sadia Bashir Khudija Zaffar Ali Irfan Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych Saleha Faheem Ajaz Ahmad Muhammad Kashif Yousef A. Bin Jardan Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk Scientific Reports Antibacterial activity Chenopodium murale Dental caries Plant extract Saliva samples Streptococcus mutans |
| title | Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk |
| title_full | Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk |
| title_short | Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk |
| title_sort | evaluating the efficacy of chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk |
| topic | Antibacterial activity Chenopodium murale Dental caries Plant extract Saliva samples Streptococcus mutans |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00127-x |
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