A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals
In 2020, BDS-3 began broadcasting high-precision positioning correction products through B2b signals, effectively addressing the limitations of ground-based augmentation. However, challenges such as the “south wall effect” from geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, issues of data (IOD) mismatch, and...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/618 |
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| author | Rui Shang Zhenhao Xu Chengfa Gao Xiaolin Meng Wang Gao Qi Liu |
| author_facet | Rui Shang Zhenhao Xu Chengfa Gao Xiaolin Meng Wang Gao Qi Liu |
| author_sort | Rui Shang |
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| description | In 2020, BDS-3 began broadcasting high-precision positioning correction products through B2b signals, effectively addressing the limitations of ground-based augmentation. However, challenges such as the “south wall effect” from geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, issues of data (IOD) mismatch, and signal priority conflicts often result in interruptions and anomalies during real-time positioning with the B2b service. This paper proposes a continuous B2b-PPP (B2b signal-based Precise Point Positioning) model that incorporates signal-in-space range error (SISRE) residuals and predictions for B2b orbits and clock corrections to achieve seamless, high-precision continuous positioning. In our experiments, we first analyze the characteristics of B2b SISRE for both BDS-3 and GPS. We then evaluate the positioning accuracy of several models, B2b-PPP, EB2b-PPP, PB2b-PPP, EB2bS-PPP, and PB2bS-PPP, through simulated and real dynamic experiments. Here, ‘E’ indicates the direct utilization of the previous observation corrections from B2b before the signal interruption, ‘P’ represents B2b prediction products, and ‘S’ signifies the incorporation of the SISRE residuals. The results show that EB2b-PPP exhibits significant deviations as early as 10 min into a B2b signal interruption. Both PB2b-PPP and EB2bS-PPP demonstrate comparable performances, with PB2bS-PPP emerging as the most effective method. Notably, in real dynamic experiments, PB2bS-PPP maintains positioning accuracy in the E/N directions like B2b-PPP, even after 40 min of signal interruption, ensuring continuous and stable positioning upon signal restoration. This achievement significantly enhances the capability for high-precision continuous positioning based on B2b signals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bdab8a631b6348a1bcdc4a1df92b2092 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-bdab8a631b6348a1bcdc4a1df92b20922025-08-20T02:44:36ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117461810.3390/rs17040618A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error ResidualsRui Shang0Zhenhao Xu1Chengfa Gao2Xiaolin Meng3Wang Gao4Qi Liu5School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaIn 2020, BDS-3 began broadcasting high-precision positioning correction products through B2b signals, effectively addressing the limitations of ground-based augmentation. However, challenges such as the “south wall effect” from geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, issues of data (IOD) mismatch, and signal priority conflicts often result in interruptions and anomalies during real-time positioning with the B2b service. This paper proposes a continuous B2b-PPP (B2b signal-based Precise Point Positioning) model that incorporates signal-in-space range error (SISRE) residuals and predictions for B2b orbits and clock corrections to achieve seamless, high-precision continuous positioning. In our experiments, we first analyze the characteristics of B2b SISRE for both BDS-3 and GPS. We then evaluate the positioning accuracy of several models, B2b-PPP, EB2b-PPP, PB2b-PPP, EB2bS-PPP, and PB2bS-PPP, through simulated and real dynamic experiments. Here, ‘E’ indicates the direct utilization of the previous observation corrections from B2b before the signal interruption, ‘P’ represents B2b prediction products, and ‘S’ signifies the incorporation of the SISRE residuals. The results show that EB2b-PPP exhibits significant deviations as early as 10 min into a B2b signal interruption. Both PB2b-PPP and EB2bS-PPP demonstrate comparable performances, with PB2bS-PPP emerging as the most effective method. Notably, in real dynamic experiments, PB2bS-PPP maintains positioning accuracy in the E/N directions like B2b-PPP, even after 40 min of signal interruption, ensuring continuous and stable positioning upon signal restoration. This achievement significantly enhances the capability for high-precision continuous positioning based on B2b signals.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/618PPP-B2b servicePPPorbits predictionclock predictionSISRE |
| spellingShingle | Rui Shang Zhenhao Xu Chengfa Gao Xiaolin Meng Wang Gao Qi Liu A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals Remote Sensing PPP-B2b service PPP orbits prediction clock prediction SISRE |
| title | A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals |
| title_full | A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals |
| title_fullStr | A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals |
| title_short | A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals |
| title_sort | continuous b2b ppp model considering interruptions in bds 3 b2b orbits and clock corrections as well as signal in space range error residuals |
| topic | PPP-B2b service PPP orbits prediction clock prediction SISRE |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/618 |
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