Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics

Abstract In order to study the microstructure changes of C-S-H under the freeze-thaw cycling, the freeze-thaw cycle simulation of C-S-H is carried out based on molecular dynamics in this paper. It was found that the density of C-S-H gradually increased with time during the freezing process and gradu...

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Main Authors: Xiaotian Lin, Yulin Wang, Henggan Li, Zihan Zhao, Huixin Zuo, Dehong Chen, Jiacan Hou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11739-8
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author Xiaotian Lin
Yulin Wang
Henggan Li
Zihan Zhao
Huixin Zuo
Dehong Chen
Jiacan Hou
author_facet Xiaotian Lin
Yulin Wang
Henggan Li
Zihan Zhao
Huixin Zuo
Dehong Chen
Jiacan Hou
author_sort Xiaotian Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In order to study the microstructure changes of C-S-H under the freeze-thaw cycling, the freeze-thaw cycle simulation of C-S-H is carried out based on molecular dynamics in this paper. It was found that the density of C-S-H gradually increased with time during the freezing process and gradually decreased with time during the thawing process. The larger the temperature difference, the greater the change of the density of C-S-H, and the more obvious the movement of molecules during the freeze-thaw cycle. The increase of temperature rise and fall rate will increase the density change rate and the stress of the system. As the number of freeze-thaw cycle increases, the atomic motion in C-S-H becomes more intense, and the degree of atomic motion during freeze-thaw cycle also increases with the increase of the ratio of calcium and silicon atoms (C/S) and the ratio of water molecule and silicon atoms (W/S) in C-S-H. These research results provide theoretical guidance for further exploring the freeze-thaw failure mechanism of cement-based materials.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-bda66c0f619349b1812e1a3d841d338a2025-08-20T03:42:31ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-11739-8Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamicsXiaotian Lin0Yulin Wang1Henggan Li2Zihan Zhao3Huixin Zuo4Dehong Chen5Jiacan Hou6Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuyi UniversityAbstract In order to study the microstructure changes of C-S-H under the freeze-thaw cycling, the freeze-thaw cycle simulation of C-S-H is carried out based on molecular dynamics in this paper. It was found that the density of C-S-H gradually increased with time during the freezing process and gradually decreased with time during the thawing process. The larger the temperature difference, the greater the change of the density of C-S-H, and the more obvious the movement of molecules during the freeze-thaw cycle. The increase of temperature rise and fall rate will increase the density change rate and the stress of the system. As the number of freeze-thaw cycle increases, the atomic motion in C-S-H becomes more intense, and the degree of atomic motion during freeze-thaw cycle also increases with the increase of the ratio of calcium and silicon atoms (C/S) and the ratio of water molecule and silicon atoms (W/S) in C-S-H. These research results provide theoretical guidance for further exploring the freeze-thaw failure mechanism of cement-based materials.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11739-8Molecular dynamicsFreeze-thaw cycleCalcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H)Mean square displacement
spellingShingle Xiaotian Lin
Yulin Wang
Henggan Li
Zihan Zhao
Huixin Zuo
Dehong Chen
Jiacan Hou
Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics
Scientific Reports
Molecular dynamics
Freeze-thaw cycle
Calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H)
Mean square displacement
title Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics
title_full Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics
title_fullStr Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics
title_short Microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) freeze-thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics
title_sort microscopic mechanism of calcium silicate hydrate c s h freeze thaw cycle based on molecular dynamics
topic Molecular dynamics
Freeze-thaw cycle
Calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H)
Mean square displacement
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11739-8
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AT hengganli microscopicmechanismofcalciumsilicatehydratecshfreezethawcyclebasedonmoleculardynamics
AT zihanzhao microscopicmechanismofcalciumsilicatehydratecshfreezethawcyclebasedonmoleculardynamics
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AT dehongchen microscopicmechanismofcalciumsilicatehydratecshfreezethawcyclebasedonmoleculardynamics
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