Offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North Sea

Abstract Offshore production of hydrogen powered by offshore wind energy offers a promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, current technologies return waste heat and brine into the sea, raising questions of potential effects on local and regional hydrography. This study evaluates the hydrogra...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nils Christiansen, Ute Daewel, Leopold Krings, Corinna Schrum
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Ocean Sustainability
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00121-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849312200087306240
author Nils Christiansen
Ute Daewel
Leopold Krings
Corinna Schrum
author_facet Nils Christiansen
Ute Daewel
Leopold Krings
Corinna Schrum
author_sort Nils Christiansen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Offshore production of hydrogen powered by offshore wind energy offers a promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, current technologies return waste heat and brine into the sea, raising questions of potential effects on local and regional hydrography. This study evaluates the hydrographic footprint of offshore hydrogen in the context of anthropogenic pressures from offshore energy production, focusing on a scenario for the German Bight. Cross-scale modeling shows that waste heat emerges as the primary influence, causing temperature changes of up to 2 °C within 10’s of meters around a 500 MW hydrogen plant. While tides prove to be decisive for the dilution of density plumes, we demonstrate that production capacity and discharge method determine the hydrographic footprint. Large-scale effects are minor and negligible compared to the impact of offshore wind farm wakes, however, waste heat can raise annual mean sea surface temperature by up to 0.2 °C near production sites.
format Article
id doaj-art-bd8d33d3576f4fc3aebf59920fc09b1d
institution Kabale University
issn 2731-426X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Ocean Sustainability
spelling doaj-art-bd8d33d3576f4fc3aebf59920fc09b1d2025-08-20T03:53:11ZengNature Portfolionpj Ocean Sustainability2731-426X2025-05-014111410.1038/s44183-025-00121-wOffshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North SeaNils Christiansen0Ute Daewel1Leopold Krings2Corinna Schrum3Institute of Coastal Systems – Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonInstitute of Coastal Systems – Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereoncruh21 GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 1Institute of Coastal Systems – Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonAbstract Offshore production of hydrogen powered by offshore wind energy offers a promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, current technologies return waste heat and brine into the sea, raising questions of potential effects on local and regional hydrography. This study evaluates the hydrographic footprint of offshore hydrogen in the context of anthropogenic pressures from offshore energy production, focusing on a scenario for the German Bight. Cross-scale modeling shows that waste heat emerges as the primary influence, causing temperature changes of up to 2 °C within 10’s of meters around a 500 MW hydrogen plant. While tides prove to be decisive for the dilution of density plumes, we demonstrate that production capacity and discharge method determine the hydrographic footprint. Large-scale effects are minor and negligible compared to the impact of offshore wind farm wakes, however, waste heat can raise annual mean sea surface temperature by up to 0.2 °C near production sites.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00121-w
spellingShingle Nils Christiansen
Ute Daewel
Leopold Krings
Corinna Schrum
Offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North Sea
npj Ocean Sustainability
title Offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North Sea
title_full Offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North Sea
title_fullStr Offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North Sea
title_full_unstemmed Offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North Sea
title_short Offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the North Sea
title_sort offshore hydrogen production leaves a local hydrographic footprint on stratification in the north sea
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00121-w
work_keys_str_mv AT nilschristiansen offshorehydrogenproductionleavesalocalhydrographicfootprintonstratificationinthenorthsea
AT utedaewel offshorehydrogenproductionleavesalocalhydrographicfootprintonstratificationinthenorthsea
AT leopoldkrings offshorehydrogenproductionleavesalocalhydrographicfootprintonstratificationinthenorthsea
AT corinnaschrum offshorehydrogenproductionleavesalocalhydrographicfootprintonstratificationinthenorthsea