Associations of heart rates and respiratory rates with lifestyle and environmental factors in toddlers: a nationwide cohort study

Associations of heart rates and respiratory rates with lifestyle and environmental factors in toddlers: a nationwide cohort study

Abstract Background Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are key vital signs, yet few large studies have reported their normal values in toddlers. We thus assessed HR and RR in two-year-old Japanese children. Given that body size may influence vital signs, we first assessed the correlations of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Keita Kanamori, Tomohisa Suzuki, Chiharu Ota, The Japan Environment Children’s Study Group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
Subjects:
Heart rate
Outdoor playtime
Region
Respiratory rate
Toddlers
Vital signs
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05867-3
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