Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities

Abstract Stress stimulation-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation is a key activity in living organisms, but its biophysical characteristics are poorly understood. Here, we report a UV-light stress stimulation behaviour in a binary community of synthetic protocells of condensates and proteinosomes...

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Main Authors: Yan Huang, Haixu Chen, Xin Qiao, Shangsong Li, Xiaoliang Wang, Xiaoman Liu, Xin Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60541-7
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author Yan Huang
Haixu Chen
Xin Qiao
Shangsong Li
Xiaoliang Wang
Xiaoman Liu
Xin Huang
author_facet Yan Huang
Haixu Chen
Xin Qiao
Shangsong Li
Xiaoliang Wang
Xiaoman Liu
Xin Huang
author_sort Yan Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Stress stimulation-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation is a key activity in living organisms, but its biophysical characteristics are poorly understood. Here, we report a UV-light stress stimulation behaviour in a binary community of synthetic protocells of condensates and proteinosomes, showing that condensates could behave like Condensate Pumps to enable a stepwise controlled transmembrane mass transfer regardless of the permeability barrier of proteinosomes. The stimulation mechanism of interfacial tension-induced proteinosome deformation and transient high osmotic pressure arisen by the dissociation of condensate is proposed. Accordingly, under UV-light stress stimulation, unexpected characteristics could be triggered by transmembrane pumping oversized biomacromolecules into proteinosomes including liquid-liquid reentrant phase separation, DNA unwinding, and protein synthesis. Therefore, our results not only reveal unique physical principles and potential characteristics of macromolecular assemblies at droplet-membrane interface but also highlight a pathway for transmembrane transport of biomacromolecules which is anticipated to serve as a powerful technique to inducing higher-order behaviour in synthetic protocells community.
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issn 2041-1723
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-bd75756a4e58473ba70dd549c58e7bfc2025-08-20T03:10:34ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-06-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-60541-7Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communitiesYan Huang0Haixu Chen1Xin Qiao2Shangsong Li3Xiaoliang Wang4Xiaoman Liu5Xin Huang6State Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of TechnologyAbstract Stress stimulation-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation is a key activity in living organisms, but its biophysical characteristics are poorly understood. Here, we report a UV-light stress stimulation behaviour in a binary community of synthetic protocells of condensates and proteinosomes, showing that condensates could behave like Condensate Pumps to enable a stepwise controlled transmembrane mass transfer regardless of the permeability barrier of proteinosomes. The stimulation mechanism of interfacial tension-induced proteinosome deformation and transient high osmotic pressure arisen by the dissociation of condensate is proposed. Accordingly, under UV-light stress stimulation, unexpected characteristics could be triggered by transmembrane pumping oversized biomacromolecules into proteinosomes including liquid-liquid reentrant phase separation, DNA unwinding, and protein synthesis. Therefore, our results not only reveal unique physical principles and potential characteristics of macromolecular assemblies at droplet-membrane interface but also highlight a pathway for transmembrane transport of biomacromolecules which is anticipated to serve as a powerful technique to inducing higher-order behaviour in synthetic protocells community.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60541-7
spellingShingle Yan Huang
Haixu Chen
Xin Qiao
Shangsong Li
Xiaoliang Wang
Xiaoman Liu
Xin Huang
Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
Nature Communications
title Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
title_full Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
title_fullStr Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
title_full_unstemmed Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
title_short Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
title_sort liquid liquid phase separation boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60541-7
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AT shangsongli liquidliquidphaseseparationboostedtransmembranedeliveryininteractiveprotocellcommunities
AT xiaoliangwang liquidliquidphaseseparationboostedtransmembranedeliveryininteractiveprotocellcommunities
AT xiaomanliu liquidliquidphaseseparationboostedtransmembranedeliveryininteractiveprotocellcommunities
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