Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal
The printing and dyeing industries generate wastewater containing toxic, hard-to-degrade organic dyes like methylene blue (MB). Recent research focuses on biodegradable, renewable materials such as cellulose-based absorbents to address this issue. This study investigates bacterial cellulose (BC) fun...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Polysaccharides |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/6/1/8 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850279673836077056 |
|---|---|
| author | Aldo Amaro-Reyes Karina Marín-Medina Monserrat Escamilla-García Sarai E. Favela-Camacho Oscar Yael Barrón-García Juan Campos-Guillén Miguel Angel Ramos-López Héctor Pool Eloy Rodríguez-de León José Alberto Rodríguez Morales |
| author_facet | Aldo Amaro-Reyes Karina Marín-Medina Monserrat Escamilla-García Sarai E. Favela-Camacho Oscar Yael Barrón-García Juan Campos-Guillén Miguel Angel Ramos-López Héctor Pool Eloy Rodríguez-de León José Alberto Rodríguez Morales |
| author_sort | Aldo Amaro-Reyes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The printing and dyeing industries generate wastewater containing toxic, hard-to-degrade organic dyes like methylene blue (MB). Recent research focuses on biodegradable, renewable materials such as cellulose-based absorbents to address this issue. This study investigates bacterial cellulose (BC) functionalized with citric acid as a sustainable adsorbent for MB removal. BC, a by-product of kombucha fermentation, is functionalized with citric acid, and its adsorption capacity is analyzed. BC production reaches 3.65 ± 0.16 g L<sup>−1</sup> by day 12. Using 0.05 g of functionalized BC (FBC) at pH 7, a maximum adsorption capacity of 13.22 ± 1.27 mg g<sup>−1</sup> is achieved for MB at 600 mg L<sup>−1</sup> over 60 min. The adsorption mechanism is complex, with both pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models fitting well at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 70 °C. The carboxyl groups of citric acid bind to the hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers via esterification, altering the material’s charge, reactivity, thermal, and crystallinity properties. This functionalization enhances BC’s adsorption capacity, making it a promising material for bioremediation in circular systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bd721fb1d723423d9c684e73677fa103 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-4176 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polysaccharides |
| spelling | doaj-art-bd721fb1d723423d9c684e73677fa1032025-08-20T01:49:01ZengMDPI AGPolysaccharides2673-41762025-01-0161810.3390/polysaccharides6010008Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue RemovalAldo Amaro-Reyes0Karina Marín-Medina1Monserrat Escamilla-García2Sarai E. Favela-Camacho3Oscar Yael Barrón-García4Juan Campos-Guillén5Miguel Angel Ramos-López6Héctor Pool7Eloy Rodríguez-de León8José Alberto Rodríguez Morales9Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoInstituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Avenida del Charro S/N y, Calle Henry Dunant, Omega, Juarez City 32584, MexicoDivisión Industrial, Universidad Tecnológica de Querétaro, Av. Pie de la Cuesta 2501, Nacional, Queretaro 76148, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Queretaro 76010, MexicoThe printing and dyeing industries generate wastewater containing toxic, hard-to-degrade organic dyes like methylene blue (MB). Recent research focuses on biodegradable, renewable materials such as cellulose-based absorbents to address this issue. This study investigates bacterial cellulose (BC) functionalized with citric acid as a sustainable adsorbent for MB removal. BC, a by-product of kombucha fermentation, is functionalized with citric acid, and its adsorption capacity is analyzed. BC production reaches 3.65 ± 0.16 g L<sup>−1</sup> by day 12. Using 0.05 g of functionalized BC (FBC) at pH 7, a maximum adsorption capacity of 13.22 ± 1.27 mg g<sup>−1</sup> is achieved for MB at 600 mg L<sup>−1</sup> over 60 min. The adsorption mechanism is complex, with both pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models fitting well at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 70 °C. The carboxyl groups of citric acid bind to the hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers via esterification, altering the material’s charge, reactivity, thermal, and crystallinity properties. This functionalization enhances BC’s adsorption capacity, making it a promising material for bioremediation in circular systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/6/1/8bacterial cellulosekombuchacircular systemsadsorptiondye removal |
| spellingShingle | Aldo Amaro-Reyes Karina Marín-Medina Monserrat Escamilla-García Sarai E. Favela-Camacho Oscar Yael Barrón-García Juan Campos-Guillén Miguel Angel Ramos-López Héctor Pool Eloy Rodríguez-de León José Alberto Rodríguez Morales Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal Polysaccharides bacterial cellulose kombucha circular systems adsorption dye removal |
| title | Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal |
| title_full | Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal |
| title_fullStr | Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal |
| title_short | Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal |
| title_sort | functionalized bacterial cellulose a potential sustainable adsorbent for methylene blue removal |
| topic | bacterial cellulose kombucha circular systems adsorption dye removal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/6/1/8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aldoamaroreyes functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT karinamarinmedina functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT monserratescamillagarcia functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT saraiefavelacamacho functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT oscaryaelbarrongarcia functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT juancamposguillen functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT miguelangelramoslopez functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT hectorpool functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT eloyrodriguezdeleon functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval AT josealbertorodriguezmorales functionalizedbacterialcelluloseapotentialsustainableadsorbentformethyleneblueremoval |