Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from Romania

This study revises †Palaeorhynchidae (Istiophoriformes), a rare and taxonomically disputed group within Romania’s Oligocene ichthyofauna. Historically placed within Scombroidei, Istiophoriformes is now supported by molecular phylogenetics as a distinct lineage. However, prior Romanian fossil descrip...

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Main Authors: Ionuț Grădianu, Kenneth A. Monsch, Dorin Sorin Baciu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Diversity
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/6/393
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author Ionuț Grădianu
Kenneth A. Monsch
Dorin Sorin Baciu
author_facet Ionuț Grădianu
Kenneth A. Monsch
Dorin Sorin Baciu
author_sort Ionuț Grădianu
collection DOAJ
description This study revises †Palaeorhynchidae (Istiophoriformes), a rare and taxonomically disputed group within Romania’s Oligocene ichthyofauna. Historically placed within Scombroidei, Istiophoriformes is now supported by molecular phylogenetics as a distinct lineage. However, prior Romanian fossil descriptions, often fragmentary, require critical revision to resolve their phylogeny, ecology, and biogeography. Outdated classifications must align with modern systematics. Our analysis confirms only two valid istiophoriform taxa in Romania’s Oligocene: †<i>Homorhynchus colei</i>, previously misassigned to †<i>Palaeorhynchus longirostris</i> or †<i>P. glarisianus</i>, and †<i>Palaeorhynchus humorensis</i>. This clarifies long-standing taxonomic uncertainties and underscores the need for integrative approaches in paleoichthyology. The findings refine regional Oligocene biodiversity records and highlight the Eastern Carpathians’ significance in understanding marine ecosystems of the epoch.
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spelling doaj-art-bd71398bc55144eb97d00ac16ca31d7e2025-08-20T02:24:38ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-05-0117639310.3390/d17060393Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from RomaniaIonuț Grădianu0Kenneth A. Monsch1Dorin Sorin Baciu2Natural Sciences Museum of Piatra-Neamţ, Petru Rareș No. 26, RO-610119 Piatra-Neamț, RomaniaDepartment of Vertebrate Evolution, Development and Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, B-dul Carol I, Nr. 20 A, RO-700505 Iasi, RomaniaThis study revises †Palaeorhynchidae (Istiophoriformes), a rare and taxonomically disputed group within Romania’s Oligocene ichthyofauna. Historically placed within Scombroidei, Istiophoriformes is now supported by molecular phylogenetics as a distinct lineage. However, prior Romanian fossil descriptions, often fragmentary, require critical revision to resolve their phylogeny, ecology, and biogeography. Outdated classifications must align with modern systematics. Our analysis confirms only two valid istiophoriform taxa in Romania’s Oligocene: †<i>Homorhynchus colei</i>, previously misassigned to †<i>Palaeorhynchus longirostris</i> or †<i>P. glarisianus</i>, and †<i>Palaeorhynchus humorensis</i>. This clarifies long-standing taxonomic uncertainties and underscores the need for integrative approaches in paleoichthyology. The findings refine regional Oligocene biodiversity records and highlight the Eastern Carpathians’ significance in understanding marine ecosystems of the epoch.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/6/393OligocenebillfishesPiatra-NeamțGura HumoruluiRomania
spellingShingle Ionuț Grădianu
Kenneth A. Monsch
Dorin Sorin Baciu
Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from Romania
Diversity
Oligocene
billfishes
Piatra-Neamț
Gura Humorului
Romania
title Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from Romania
title_full Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from Romania
title_fullStr Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from Romania
title_full_unstemmed Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from Romania
title_short Systematic Revision of the Oligocene Billfishes (Istiophoriformes: Palaeorhynchidae) from Romania
title_sort systematic revision of the oligocene billfishes istiophoriformes palaeorhynchidae from romania
topic Oligocene
billfishes
Piatra-Neamț
Gura Humorului
Romania
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/6/393
work_keys_str_mv AT ionutgradianu systematicrevisionoftheoligocenebillfishesistiophoriformespalaeorhynchidaefromromania
AT kennethamonsch systematicrevisionoftheoligocenebillfishesistiophoriformespalaeorhynchidaefromromania
AT dorinsorinbaciu systematicrevisionoftheoligocenebillfishesistiophoriformespalaeorhynchidaefromromania