Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel Structure
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) nanoparticles using a co-precipitation method. In this approach, metal ions are precipitated in the presen...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Fatemeh Vahedrouz Mehdi Alizadeh Abbas Bahrami Farnaz Heidari Laybidi |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Vahedrouz Mehdi Alizadeh Abbas Bahrami Farnaz Heidari Laybidi |
| author_sort | Fatemeh Vahedrouz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports the synthesis and characterization of Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) nanoparticles using a co-precipitation method. In this approach, metal ions are precipitated in the presence of a stabilizing agent, which is a common and effective method for nanoparticle preparation. The microstructure and magnetic properties were studied after calcination at 600 °C and heat treatment at 1000 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure. The average crystallite size, calculated using the (311) diffraction peak and the Scherrer equation, ranged from 13 to 19 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical morphology. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) revealed a three-step weight loss process. Magnetic measurements, including remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization, and coercivity, were performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The replacement of Ni<sup>2+</sup> with Co<sup>2+</sup> enhanced the magnetic properties, resulting in increased magnetic moment and anisotropy. These effects are attributed to changes in cation distribution, exchange interactions, surface effects, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Overall, Co<sup>2+</sup> doping improved the magnetic behavior of nickel ferrite, indicating its potential for application in memory devices and magnetic recording media. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bd5ead53742b4eafa4829b09c01af5b9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj-art-bd5ead53742b4eafa4829b09c01af5b92025-08-20T03:32:12ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-07-0115762410.3390/cryst15070624Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel StructureFatemeh Vahedrouz0Mehdi Alizadeh1Abbas Bahrami2Farnaz Heidari Laybidi3Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranDepartment of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranDepartment of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranDepartment of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, IranThis study reports the synthesis and characterization of Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) nanoparticles using a co-precipitation method. In this approach, metal ions are precipitated in the presence of a stabilizing agent, which is a common and effective method for nanoparticle preparation. The microstructure and magnetic properties were studied after calcination at 600 °C and heat treatment at 1000 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure. The average crystallite size, calculated using the (311) diffraction peak and the Scherrer equation, ranged from 13 to 19 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical morphology. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) revealed a three-step weight loss process. Magnetic measurements, including remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization, and coercivity, were performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The replacement of Ni<sup>2+</sup> with Co<sup>2+</sup> enhanced the magnetic properties, resulting in increased magnetic moment and anisotropy. These effects are attributed to changes in cation distribution, exchange interactions, surface effects, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Overall, Co<sup>2+</sup> doping improved the magnetic behavior of nickel ferrite, indicating its potential for application in memory devices and magnetic recording media.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/7/624Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticlesco-precipitation methodspinel structuremagnetic propertiesCo<sup>2+</sup> doping |
| spellingShingle | Fatemeh Vahedrouz Mehdi Alizadeh Abbas Bahrami Farnaz Heidari Laybidi Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel Structure Crystals Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles co-precipitation method spinel structure magnetic properties Co<sup>2+</sup> doping |
| title | Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel Structure |
| title_full | Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel Structure |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel Structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel Structure |
| title_short | Magnetic Behavior of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Single-Phase Spinel Structure |
| title_sort | magnetic behavior of co sup 2 sup doped nife sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub nanoparticles with single phase spinel structure |
| topic | Co<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1−x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles co-precipitation method spinel structure magnetic properties Co<sup>2+</sup> doping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/7/624 |
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