Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in Japan

This study investigated the percentage of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency (ID) among 71 elite female athletes at a Japanese university and assessed their dietary habits. IDA was identified in 9.9% (<i>n</i> = 7) of participants, and only 22.5% (<i>n</i> = 16)...

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Main Authors: Hiromi Inaba, Haruo Hanawa, Fumi Hoshino, Mutsuaki Edama, Go Omori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/7/220
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author Hiromi Inaba
Haruo Hanawa
Fumi Hoshino
Mutsuaki Edama
Go Omori
author_facet Hiromi Inaba
Haruo Hanawa
Fumi Hoshino
Mutsuaki Edama
Go Omori
author_sort Hiromi Inaba
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the percentage of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency (ID) among 71 elite female athletes at a Japanese university and assessed their dietary habits. IDA was identified in 9.9% (<i>n</i> = 7) of participants, and only 22.5% (<i>n</i> = 16) self-reported dietary practices aimed at preventing or managing ID/IDA. Notably, 52.1% (<i>n</i> = 37) of the athletes exhibited IDA or ID but lacked an appropriate dietary approach. Moreover, even among those who reported an intentional dietary approach to the prevention or management of ID/IDA, the intake of iron- and vitamin C-rich foods was insufficient, limiting the effectiveness of their efforts. These findings highlight a gap between awareness and effective practice, indicating that many female athletes in Japan, despite being at elevated risk, do not follow evidence-based dietary strategies for preventing or treating ID/IDA. Targeted nutritional education and routine screening of iron status are strongly recommended for this population.
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spelling doaj-art-bd531fcef4664e7c942fa000e18e9c8e2025-08-20T03:32:28ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632025-07-0113722010.3390/sports13070220Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in JapanHiromi Inaba0Haruo Hanawa1Fumi Hoshino2Mutsuaki Edama3Go Omori4Athlete Support Research Center, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, JapanAthlete Support Research Center, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, JapanAthlete Support Research Center, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, JapanAthlete Support Research Center, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, JapanAthlete Support Research Center, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, JapanThis study investigated the percentage of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency (ID) among 71 elite female athletes at a Japanese university and assessed their dietary habits. IDA was identified in 9.9% (<i>n</i> = 7) of participants, and only 22.5% (<i>n</i> = 16) self-reported dietary practices aimed at preventing or managing ID/IDA. Notably, 52.1% (<i>n</i> = 37) of the athletes exhibited IDA or ID but lacked an appropriate dietary approach. Moreover, even among those who reported an intentional dietary approach to the prevention or management of ID/IDA, the intake of iron- and vitamin C-rich foods was insufficient, limiting the effectiveness of their efforts. These findings highlight a gap between awareness and effective practice, indicating that many female athletes in Japan, despite being at elevated risk, do not follow evidence-based dietary strategies for preventing or treating ID/IDA. Targeted nutritional education and routine screening of iron status are strongly recommended for this population.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/7/220anemiafemale athleteeating habitshemoglobin
spellingShingle Hiromi Inaba
Haruo Hanawa
Fumi Hoshino
Mutsuaki Edama
Go Omori
Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in Japan
Sports
anemia
female athlete
eating habits
hemoglobin
title Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in Japan
title_full Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in Japan
title_fullStr Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in Japan
title_full_unstemmed Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in Japan
title_short Iron Deficiency Prevention and Dietary Habits Among Elite Female University Athletes in Japan
title_sort iron deficiency prevention and dietary habits among elite female university athletes in japan
topic anemia
female athlete
eating habits
hemoglobin
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/7/220
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AT mutsuakiedama irondeficiencypreventionanddietaryhabitsamongelitefemaleuniversityathletesinjapan
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