Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline Amphipod
A central goal of molecular studies on ancient lake faunas is to resolve the origin and phylogeny of their strikingly diverse endemic species flocks. Another equally intriguing goal is to understand the integrity of individual morphologically diagnosed species, which should help to perceive the natu...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Risto Väinölä Tytti Kontula Kazuo Mashiko Ravil M. Kamaltynov |
| author_facet | Risto Väinölä Tytti Kontula Kazuo Mashiko Ravil M. Kamaltynov |
| author_sort | Risto Väinölä |
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| description | A central goal of molecular studies on ancient lake faunas is to resolve the origin and phylogeny of their strikingly diverse endemic species flocks. Another equally intriguing goal is to understand the integrity of individual morphologically diagnosed species, which should help to perceive the nature and speed of the speciation process, and the true biological species diversity. In the uniquely diverse Lake Baikal amphipod crustaceans, molecular data from shallow-water species have often disclosed their cryptic subdivision into geographically segregated genetic lineages, but the evidence so far is mainly based on mitochondrial DNA. We now present a lake-wide parallel survey of both mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear genetic structuring in the common shoreline amphipod <i>Eulimnogammarus verrucosus</i>, known to comprise three deep, parapatric mtDNA lineages. Allele frequencies of seven nuclear allozyme loci divide the data into three main groups whose distributions exactly match the distributions of the main mitochondrial lineages S, W, and E and involve a further division of the W cluster into two subgroups. The inter-group differences involve one to four diagnostic loci and additional group-specific alleles. The transition zones are either abrupt (1 km), occur over a long segment of uninhabitable shoreline, or may be gradual with non-coincident clinal change at different loci. Mitochondrial variation is hierarchically structured, each main lineage further subdivided into 2–4 parapatric sublineages or phylogroups, and patterns of further local segregation are seen in some of them. Despite the recurring observations of cryptic diversity in Baikalian amphipods, the geographical subdivisions and clade depths do not match in different taxa, defying a common explanation for the diversification in environmental history. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bd4b70029f504134ac0068b9c89eaff7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bd4b70029f504134ac0068b9c89eaff72025-08-20T02:08:09ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182024-11-01161170610.3390/d16110706Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline AmphipodRisto Väinölä0Tytti Kontula1Kazuo Mashiko2Ravil M. Kamaltynov3Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandBiological Laboratory, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, JapanLimnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk 664033, RussiaA central goal of molecular studies on ancient lake faunas is to resolve the origin and phylogeny of their strikingly diverse endemic species flocks. Another equally intriguing goal is to understand the integrity of individual morphologically diagnosed species, which should help to perceive the nature and speed of the speciation process, and the true biological species diversity. In the uniquely diverse Lake Baikal amphipod crustaceans, molecular data from shallow-water species have often disclosed their cryptic subdivision into geographically segregated genetic lineages, but the evidence so far is mainly based on mitochondrial DNA. We now present a lake-wide parallel survey of both mitochondrial and multilocus nuclear genetic structuring in the common shoreline amphipod <i>Eulimnogammarus verrucosus</i>, known to comprise three deep, parapatric mtDNA lineages. Allele frequencies of seven nuclear allozyme loci divide the data into three main groups whose distributions exactly match the distributions of the main mitochondrial lineages S, W, and E and involve a further division of the W cluster into two subgroups. The inter-group differences involve one to four diagnostic loci and additional group-specific alleles. The transition zones are either abrupt (1 km), occur over a long segment of uninhabitable shoreline, or may be gradual with non-coincident clinal change at different loci. Mitochondrial variation is hierarchically structured, each main lineage further subdivided into 2–4 parapatric sublineages or phylogroups, and patterns of further local segregation are seen in some of them. Despite the recurring observations of cryptic diversity in Baikalian amphipods, the geographical subdivisions and clade depths do not match in different taxa, defying a common explanation for the diversification in environmental history.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/11/706Amphipodaancient lakes<i>Eulimnogammarus</i>cryptic diversityLake BaikalmtDNA |
| spellingShingle | Risto Väinölä Tytti Kontula Kazuo Mashiko Ravil M. Kamaltynov Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline Amphipod Diversity Amphipoda ancient lakes <i>Eulimnogammarus</i> cryptic diversity Lake Baikal mtDNA |
| title | Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline Amphipod |
| title_full | Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline Amphipod |
| title_fullStr | Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline Amphipod |
| title_full_unstemmed | Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline Amphipod |
| title_short | Congruent and Hierarchical Intra-Lake Subdivisions from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data of a Lake Baikal Shoreline Amphipod |
| title_sort | congruent and hierarchical intra lake subdivisions from nuclear and mitochondrial data of a lake baikal shoreline amphipod |
| topic | Amphipoda ancient lakes <i>Eulimnogammarus</i> cryptic diversity Lake Baikal mtDNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/11/706 |
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