Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut.
<h4>Background</h4>Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Cysteine peptidases are relevant to several aspects of the T. cruzi life cycle and are implicated in parasite-mammalian host relationships. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001958&type=printable |
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| author | Lívia Almeida Uehara Otacílio C Moreira Ana Carolina Oliveira Patrícia Azambuja Ana Paula Cabral Araujo Lima Constança Britto André Luis Souza dos Santos Marta Helena Branquinha Claudia Masini d'Avila-Levy |
| author_facet | Lívia Almeida Uehara Otacílio C Moreira Ana Carolina Oliveira Patrícia Azambuja Ana Paula Cabral Araujo Lima Constança Britto André Luis Souza dos Santos Marta Helena Branquinha Claudia Masini d'Avila-Levy |
| author_sort | Lívia Almeida Uehara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Cysteine peptidases are relevant to several aspects of the T. cruzi life cycle and are implicated in parasite-mammalian host relationships. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to the parasite-insect host interaction.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here, we have investigated whether cruzipain could be involved in the interaction of T. cruzi with the invertebrate host. We analyzed the effect of treatment of T. cruzi epimastigotes with anti-cruzipain antibodies or with a panel of cysteine peptidase inhibitors (cystatin, antipain, E-64, leupeptin, iodocetamide or CA-074-OMe) on parasite adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus posterior midgut ex vivo. All treatments, with the exception of CA074-OMe, significantly decreased parasite adhesion to R. prolixus midgut. Cystatin presented a dose-dependent reduction on the adhesion. Comparison of the adhesion rate among several T. cruzi isolates revealed that the G isolate, which naturally possesses low levels of active cruzipain, adhered to a lesser extent in comparison to Dm28c, Y and CL Brener isolates. Transgenic epimastigotes overexpressing an endogenous cruzipain inhibitor (pCHAG), chagasin, and that have reduced levels of active cruzipain adhered to the insect gut 73% less than the wild-type parasites. The adhesion of pCHAG parasites was partially restored by the addition of exogenous cruzipain. In vivo colonization experiments revealed low levels of pCHAG parasites in comparison to wild-type. Parasites isolated after passage in the insect presented a drastic enhancement in the expression of surface cruzipain.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>These data highlight, for the first time, that cruzipain contributes to the interaction of T. cruzi with the insect host. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bd3b1bd32fb649d6a199667b4ed5570a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-bd3b1bd32fb649d6a199667b4ed5570a2025-08-20T03:11:55ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352012-01-01612e195810.1371/journal.pntd.0001958Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut.Lívia Almeida UeharaOtacílio C MoreiraAna Carolina OliveiraPatrícia AzambujaAna Paula Cabral Araujo LimaConstança BrittoAndré Luis Souza dos SantosMarta Helena BranquinhaClaudia Masini d'Avila-Levy<h4>Background</h4>Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Cysteine peptidases are relevant to several aspects of the T. cruzi life cycle and are implicated in parasite-mammalian host relationships. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to the parasite-insect host interaction.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Here, we have investigated whether cruzipain could be involved in the interaction of T. cruzi with the invertebrate host. We analyzed the effect of treatment of T. cruzi epimastigotes with anti-cruzipain antibodies or with a panel of cysteine peptidase inhibitors (cystatin, antipain, E-64, leupeptin, iodocetamide or CA-074-OMe) on parasite adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus posterior midgut ex vivo. All treatments, with the exception of CA074-OMe, significantly decreased parasite adhesion to R. prolixus midgut. Cystatin presented a dose-dependent reduction on the adhesion. Comparison of the adhesion rate among several T. cruzi isolates revealed that the G isolate, which naturally possesses low levels of active cruzipain, adhered to a lesser extent in comparison to Dm28c, Y and CL Brener isolates. Transgenic epimastigotes overexpressing an endogenous cruzipain inhibitor (pCHAG), chagasin, and that have reduced levels of active cruzipain adhered to the insect gut 73% less than the wild-type parasites. The adhesion of pCHAG parasites was partially restored by the addition of exogenous cruzipain. In vivo colonization experiments revealed low levels of pCHAG parasites in comparison to wild-type. Parasites isolated after passage in the insect presented a drastic enhancement in the expression of surface cruzipain.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>These data highlight, for the first time, that cruzipain contributes to the interaction of T. cruzi with the insect host.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001958&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Lívia Almeida Uehara Otacílio C Moreira Ana Carolina Oliveira Patrícia Azambuja Ana Paula Cabral Araujo Lima Constança Britto André Luis Souza dos Santos Marta Helena Branquinha Claudia Masini d'Avila-Levy Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. |
| title_full | Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. |
| title_fullStr | Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. |
| title_short | Cruzipain promotes Trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. |
| title_sort | cruzipain promotes trypanosoma cruzi adhesion to rhodnius prolixus midgut |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001958&type=printable |
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