Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV Patient

The patient is a 52-year-old African American man with a past medical history of HIV infection (on antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count 399 cells/µL, and undetectable HIV viral load) and recurrent genital herpes. While on valacyclovir, the patient presented with four tumorous lesions on the perineum an...

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Main Authors: Marie R. Roger, Gregory M. Anstead
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1589356
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author Marie R. Roger
Gregory M. Anstead
author_facet Marie R. Roger
Gregory M. Anstead
author_sort Marie R. Roger
collection DOAJ
description The patient is a 52-year-old African American man with a past medical history of HIV infection (on antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count 399 cells/µL, and undetectable HIV viral load) and recurrent genital herpes. While on valacyclovir, the patient presented with four tumorous lesions on the perineum and scrotum. A biopsy specimen stained positively with HSV-1 and HSV-2 immunostains and displayed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. The patient received foscarnet and imiquimod for two weeks with minimal improvement. Based on the previous activity of leflunomide, which has both antiviral and immunomodulatory properties, in cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infections, leflunomide 20 mg orally twice daily was started. The patient received 23 days of foscarnet, 14 days of topical imiquimod, and 11 days of leflunomide with approximately 80% reduction in the size of the perineal lesion. After nine months on leflunomide there was complete regression of the large perineal lesion and only two small ulcerations remained on the scrotum. Pseudotumoral herpes lesions in HIV patients represent an immune reconstitution event and are poorly responsive to the usual anti-herpes agents. This report demonstrates the successful use of leflunomide in the treatment of an HIV patient with pseudotumoral herpes. Thalidomide has also been used with some success.
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spelling doaj-art-bd1c1a025a2645c487abc3ca86946e4f2025-08-20T03:05:02ZengWileyCase Reports in Infectious Diseases2090-66252090-66332017-01-01201710.1155/2017/15893561589356Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV PatientMarie R. Roger0Gregory M. Anstead1IDT Clinic, 1905 Clint Moore Rd, Suite 305, Boca Raton, FL 33496, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229, USAThe patient is a 52-year-old African American man with a past medical history of HIV infection (on antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count 399 cells/µL, and undetectable HIV viral load) and recurrent genital herpes. While on valacyclovir, the patient presented with four tumorous lesions on the perineum and scrotum. A biopsy specimen stained positively with HSV-1 and HSV-2 immunostains and displayed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. The patient received foscarnet and imiquimod for two weeks with minimal improvement. Based on the previous activity of leflunomide, which has both antiviral and immunomodulatory properties, in cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infections, leflunomide 20 mg orally twice daily was started. The patient received 23 days of foscarnet, 14 days of topical imiquimod, and 11 days of leflunomide with approximately 80% reduction in the size of the perineal lesion. After nine months on leflunomide there was complete regression of the large perineal lesion and only two small ulcerations remained on the scrotum. Pseudotumoral herpes lesions in HIV patients represent an immune reconstitution event and are poorly responsive to the usual anti-herpes agents. This report demonstrates the successful use of leflunomide in the treatment of an HIV patient with pseudotumoral herpes. Thalidomide has also been used with some success.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1589356
spellingShingle Marie R. Roger
Gregory M. Anstead
Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV Patient
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
title Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV Patient
title_full Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV Patient
title_fullStr Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV Patient
title_full_unstemmed Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV Patient
title_short Leflunomide in the Treatment of a Pseudotumoral Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an HIV Patient
title_sort leflunomide in the treatment of a pseudotumoral genital herpes simplex virus infection in an hiv patient
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1589356
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AT gregorymanstead leflunomideinthetreatmentofapseudotumoralgenitalherpessimplexvirusinfectioninanhivpatient