Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information Uncertainty

The widespread deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern warfare has profoundly increased the complexity and dynamic nature of aerial combat. To address the limitations of traditional UAV combat intention recognition methods, which rely on the “complete information” assumption and stru...

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Main Authors: Qianru Niu, Luyuan Zhang, Shuangyin Ren, Wei Gao, Chunjiang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Drones
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/4/319
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author Qianru Niu
Luyuan Zhang
Shuangyin Ren
Wei Gao
Chunjiang Wang
author_facet Qianru Niu
Luyuan Zhang
Shuangyin Ren
Wei Gao
Chunjiang Wang
author_sort Qianru Niu
collection DOAJ
description The widespread deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern warfare has profoundly increased the complexity and dynamic nature of aerial combat. To address the limitations of traditional UAV combat intention recognition methods, which rely on the “complete information” assumption and struggle to adapt effectively to dynamic adversarial environments, this paper proposes a deep learning-based UAV air combat intention recognition model (BLAC). The BLAC model establishes dynamic temporal feature mappings through a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BL) and innovatively incorporates a cross-attention mechanism (A) paired with contrastive learning (C) to improve model performance. To mitigate battlefield information uncertainty, the BLAC model implements cubic spline interpolation for numerical features and proximity-based imputation for non-numerical features, effectively resolving data loss challenges. The experimental results demonstrate that the BLAC model achieves superior intention recognition accuracy compared to mainstream models, maintaining over 91% accuracy even under 30% data loss conditions. These outcomes confirm the robustness and adaptability of the model in dynamic combat environments. This research not only provides an efficient framework for UAV combat intention recognition under information uncertainty but also offers valuable theoretical and practical insights for advancing intelligent command and control systems.
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spelling doaj-art-bd0d08a67974452eb0875f95ccba213b2025-08-20T02:17:20ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2025-04-019431910.3390/drones9040319Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information UncertaintyQianru Niu0Luyuan Zhang1Shuangyin Ren2Wei Gao3Chunjiang Wang4Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, ChinaThe widespread deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern warfare has profoundly increased the complexity and dynamic nature of aerial combat. To address the limitations of traditional UAV combat intention recognition methods, which rely on the “complete information” assumption and struggle to adapt effectively to dynamic adversarial environments, this paper proposes a deep learning-based UAV air combat intention recognition model (BLAC). The BLAC model establishes dynamic temporal feature mappings through a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BL) and innovatively incorporates a cross-attention mechanism (A) paired with contrastive learning (C) to improve model performance. To mitigate battlefield information uncertainty, the BLAC model implements cubic spline interpolation for numerical features and proximity-based imputation for non-numerical features, effectively resolving data loss challenges. The experimental results demonstrate that the BLAC model achieves superior intention recognition accuracy compared to mainstream models, maintaining over 91% accuracy even under 30% data loss conditions. These outcomes confirm the robustness and adaptability of the model in dynamic combat environments. This research not only provides an efficient framework for UAV combat intention recognition under information uncertainty but also offers valuable theoretical and practical insights for advancing intelligent command and control systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/4/319combat intention recognitiondeep learningUAVBi-LSTMattention mechanism
spellingShingle Qianru Niu
Luyuan Zhang
Shuangyin Ren
Wei Gao
Chunjiang Wang
Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information Uncertainty
Drones
combat intention recognition
deep learning
UAV
Bi-LSTM
attention mechanism
title Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information Uncertainty
title_full Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information Uncertainty
title_fullStr Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information Uncertainty
title_full_unstemmed Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information Uncertainty
title_short Attention-Enhanced Contrastive BiLSTM for UAV Intention Recognition Under Information Uncertainty
title_sort attention enhanced contrastive bilstm for uav intention recognition under information uncertainty
topic combat intention recognition
deep learning
UAV
Bi-LSTM
attention mechanism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/4/319
work_keys_str_mv AT qianruniu attentionenhancedcontrastivebilstmforuavintentionrecognitionunderinformationuncertainty
AT luyuanzhang attentionenhancedcontrastivebilstmforuavintentionrecognitionunderinformationuncertainty
AT shuangyinren attentionenhancedcontrastivebilstmforuavintentionrecognitionunderinformationuncertainty
AT weigao attentionenhancedcontrastivebilstmforuavintentionrecognitionunderinformationuncertainty
AT chunjiangwang attentionenhancedcontrastivebilstmforuavintentionrecognitionunderinformationuncertainty