Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa

Abstract Due to their potential role in organizing tropical mesoscale convective systems, a better understanding of cold pool (CP) dynamics in such regions is critical, particularly over land where the diurnal cycle further concentrates convective activity. Numerical models help disentangle the proc...

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Main Authors: Jannik Hoeller, Jan O. Haerter, Nicolas A. DaSilva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-03-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107308
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author Jannik Hoeller
Jan O. Haerter
Nicolas A. DaSilva
author_facet Jannik Hoeller
Jan O. Haerter
Nicolas A. DaSilva
author_sort Jannik Hoeller
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Due to their potential role in organizing tropical mesoscale convective systems, a better understanding of cold pool (CP) dynamics in such regions is critical, particularly over land where the diurnal cycle further concentrates convective activity. Numerical models help disentangle the processes involved but often lack observational benchmarks. To close this gap, we analyze nearly 43 years of five‐minute resolution near‐surface timeseries, recorded from 12 automatic weather stations across equatorial Africa during 2019–2023. We identify 4,218 CPs based on criteria for temperature and wind. The identified CP gust fronts, which exhibit respective median temperature and specific humidity decreases of 5.3 K and 2.8 g kg−1, closely correlate with satellite‐observed brightness temperature discontinuities. Despite weak diurnal variation in precipitation, observed CP occurrence shows a pronounced diurnal cycle with an afternoon peak — a feature we attribute to low‐level moisture conditions. Our findings can serve as observational benchmark to improve simulations of CP organization.
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-bcfeeb2921e44c5ba61c7eb8d76259f02025-08-20T01:51:57ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-03-01516n/an/a10.1029/2023GL107308Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial AfricaJannik Hoeller0Jan O. Haerter1Nicolas A. DaSilva2Integrated Modeling Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen GermanyIntegrated Modeling Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen GermanyIntegrated Modeling Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen GermanyAbstract Due to their potential role in organizing tropical mesoscale convective systems, a better understanding of cold pool (CP) dynamics in such regions is critical, particularly over land where the diurnal cycle further concentrates convective activity. Numerical models help disentangle the processes involved but often lack observational benchmarks. To close this gap, we analyze nearly 43 years of five‐minute resolution near‐surface timeseries, recorded from 12 automatic weather stations across equatorial Africa during 2019–2023. We identify 4,218 CPs based on criteria for temperature and wind. The identified CP gust fronts, which exhibit respective median temperature and specific humidity decreases of 5.3 K and 2.8 g kg−1, closely correlate with satellite‐observed brightness temperature discontinuities. Despite weak diurnal variation in precipitation, observed CP occurrence shows a pronounced diurnal cycle with an afternoon peak — a feature we attribute to low‐level moisture conditions. Our findings can serve as observational benchmark to improve simulations of CP organization.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107308cold pool observationssust frontstropical convectionequatorial Africaconvective organizationcold pool identification
spellingShingle Jannik Hoeller
Jan O. Haerter
Nicolas A. DaSilva
Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa
Geophysical Research Letters
cold pool observations
sust fronts
tropical convection
equatorial Africa
convective organization
cold pool identification
title Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa
title_full Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa
title_fullStr Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa
title_short Characteristics of Station‐Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa
title_sort characteristics of station derived convective cold pools over equatorial africa
topic cold pool observations
sust fronts
tropical convection
equatorial Africa
convective organization
cold pool identification
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107308
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AT janohaerter characteristicsofstationderivedconvectivecoldpoolsoverequatorialafrica
AT nicolasadasilva characteristicsofstationderivedconvectivecoldpoolsoverequatorialafrica