From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices

Abstract Herbs and spices each contain about 3000 phytochemicals on average, and there is much traditional knowledge on their health benefits. However, there is a lack of systematic studies to understand the relationship among herbs and spices, their phytochemical constituents, their potential healt...

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Main Authors: Rishemjit Kaur, Shuchen Zhang, Bhavika Berwal, Sonalika Ray, Ritesh Kumar, Lav R. Varshney
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Science of Food
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00458-z
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author Rishemjit Kaur
Shuchen Zhang
Bhavika Berwal
Sonalika Ray
Ritesh Kumar
Lav R. Varshney
author_facet Rishemjit Kaur
Shuchen Zhang
Bhavika Berwal
Sonalika Ray
Ritesh Kumar
Lav R. Varshney
author_sort Rishemjit Kaur
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Herbs and spices each contain about 3000 phytochemicals on average, and there is much traditional knowledge on their health benefits. However, there is a lack of systematic studies to understand the relationship among herbs and spices, their phytochemical constituents, their potential health benefits, and their usage in regional cuisines. Here, we use a network-based approach to elucidate established relationships and predict novel associations between the phytochemicals present in herbs and spices and health indications. Our top 100 inferred indication-phytochemical relationships rediscover 40% known relationships and 20% that have been inferred via gene-chemical interactions with high confidence. The remaining 40% are hypotheses generated in a principled way for further experimental investigations. We also develop an algorithm to find the minimum set of spices needed to cover a target group of health conditions. Drawing on spice usage patterns in several regional Indian cuisines and a copy-mutate model for regional cuisine evolution, we characterize the spectrum of health conditions covered by existing regional cuisines. The spectrum of health conditions can expand through the nationalization/globalization of culinary practice.
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spelling doaj-art-bcfdcb766d1147f99b80be242165048e2025-08-20T02:00:02ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Food2396-83702025-05-019111210.1038/s41538-025-00458-zFrom phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spicesRishemjit Kaur0Shuchen Zhang1Bhavika Berwal2Sonalika Ray3Ritesh Kumar4Lav R. Varshney5CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments OrganisationUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignCSIR-Central Scientific Instruments OrganisationCSIR-Central Scientific Instruments OrganisationCSIR-Central Scientific Instruments OrganisationUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignAbstract Herbs and spices each contain about 3000 phytochemicals on average, and there is much traditional knowledge on their health benefits. However, there is a lack of systematic studies to understand the relationship among herbs and spices, their phytochemical constituents, their potential health benefits, and their usage in regional cuisines. Here, we use a network-based approach to elucidate established relationships and predict novel associations between the phytochemicals present in herbs and spices and health indications. Our top 100 inferred indication-phytochemical relationships rediscover 40% known relationships and 20% that have been inferred via gene-chemical interactions with high confidence. The remaining 40% are hypotheses generated in a principled way for further experimental investigations. We also develop an algorithm to find the minimum set of spices needed to cover a target group of health conditions. Drawing on spice usage patterns in several regional Indian cuisines and a copy-mutate model for regional cuisine evolution, we characterize the spectrum of health conditions covered by existing regional cuisines. The spectrum of health conditions can expand through the nationalization/globalization of culinary practice.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00458-z
spellingShingle Rishemjit Kaur
Shuchen Zhang
Bhavika Berwal
Sonalika Ray
Ritesh Kumar
Lav R. Varshney
From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices
npj Science of Food
title From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices
title_full From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices
title_fullStr From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices
title_full_unstemmed From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices
title_short From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices
title_sort from phytochemicals to recipes health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00458-z
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