Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matter

Quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories (LGTs) provides a powerful framework for understanding nonperturbative phenomena. However, to realize the hope of answering challenging physics questions on near-term devices it is crucial to develop resource-efficient formulations, in particular for non-...

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Main Authors: Emanuele Gaz, Pavel P. Popov, Guy Pardo, Maciej Lewenstein, Philipp Hauke, Erez Zohar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-07-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/l8b6-h5s5
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author Emanuele Gaz
Pavel P. Popov
Guy Pardo
Maciej Lewenstein
Philipp Hauke
Erez Zohar
author_facet Emanuele Gaz
Pavel P. Popov
Guy Pardo
Maciej Lewenstein
Philipp Hauke
Erez Zohar
author_sort Emanuele Gaz
collection DOAJ
description Quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories (LGTs) provides a powerful framework for understanding nonperturbative phenomena. However, to realize the hope of answering challenging physics questions on near-term devices it is crucial to develop resource-efficient formulations, in particular for non-Abelian LGTs and beyond (1+1) dimensions. In this work, we address this issue by focusing on the difficulty of simulating fermionic degrees of freedom and on mitigating the Hilbert space redundancy, i.e., the presence of exponentially many nonphysical states that do not obey gauge invariance. First, we show a procedure that removes the matter and improves the hardware-resource efficiency. We demonstrate it for the simplest non-Abelian group addressable with this procedure, D_{8}, in the cases of both one and two spatial dimensions. Then, with the objective of running a variational quantum simulation on real quantum hardware, we map the D_{8} LGT onto qudit systems with local interactions. We propose a variational scheme for the qudit system with a local Hamiltonian, which can be implemented on a universal qudit quantum device. Our results show the effectiveness of the matter-removing procedure, solving the redundancy problem, and reducing the amount of quantum resources. This approach can serve as a way of simulating LGTs in high spatial dimensions, with non-Abelian gauge groups, and including dynamical fermions.
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spelling doaj-art-bcdf24fe176e4f9fab178bdb5ef337a92025-08-20T02:37:39ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642025-07-017303301210.1103/l8b6-h5s5Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matterEmanuele GazPavel P. PopovGuy PardoMaciej LewensteinPhilipp HaukeErez ZoharQuantum simulation of lattice gauge theories (LGTs) provides a powerful framework for understanding nonperturbative phenomena. However, to realize the hope of answering challenging physics questions on near-term devices it is crucial to develop resource-efficient formulations, in particular for non-Abelian LGTs and beyond (1+1) dimensions. In this work, we address this issue by focusing on the difficulty of simulating fermionic degrees of freedom and on mitigating the Hilbert space redundancy, i.e., the presence of exponentially many nonphysical states that do not obey gauge invariance. First, we show a procedure that removes the matter and improves the hardware-resource efficiency. We demonstrate it for the simplest non-Abelian group addressable with this procedure, D_{8}, in the cases of both one and two spatial dimensions. Then, with the objective of running a variational quantum simulation on real quantum hardware, we map the D_{8} LGT onto qudit systems with local interactions. We propose a variational scheme for the qudit system with a local Hamiltonian, which can be implemented on a universal qudit quantum device. Our results show the effectiveness of the matter-removing procedure, solving the redundancy problem, and reducing the amount of quantum resources. This approach can serve as a way of simulating LGTs in high spatial dimensions, with non-Abelian gauge groups, and including dynamical fermions.http://doi.org/10.1103/l8b6-h5s5
spellingShingle Emanuele Gaz
Pavel P. Popov
Guy Pardo
Maciej Lewenstein
Philipp Hauke
Erez Zohar
Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matter
Physical Review Research
title Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matter
title_full Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matter
title_fullStr Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matter
title_full_unstemmed Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matter
title_short Quantum simulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories: A variational approach to D_{8} with dynamical matter
title_sort quantum simulation of non abelian lattice gauge theories a variational approach to d 8 with dynamical matter
url http://doi.org/10.1103/l8b6-h5s5
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