Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish women

Abstract Mediterranean dietary patterns (MDP) may be neuroprotective. Using a large population-based cohort of 42,582 Swedish women, this study examined the association between MDP adherence and the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)....

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Main Authors: Emily E. Joyce, Weiyao Yin, Marie Löf, Karin Wirdefeldt, Sven Sandin, Fang Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Parkinson's Disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00932-1
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author Emily E. Joyce
Weiyao Yin
Marie Löf
Karin Wirdefeldt
Sven Sandin
Fang Fang
author_facet Emily E. Joyce
Weiyao Yin
Marie Löf
Karin Wirdefeldt
Sven Sandin
Fang Fang
author_sort Emily E. Joyce
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mediterranean dietary patterns (MDP) may be neuroprotective. Using a large population-based cohort of 42,582 Swedish women, this study examined the association between MDP adherence and the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). During 1991–1992, women in the Women’s Lifestyle and Health Study reported dietary intake, and MDP adherence was calculated. Incident neurodegenerative diseases were identified using the Swedish National Patient Register through 2022. Women who reported high MDP adherence had a lower risk of PD (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.95), primarily over age 60 (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97). A moderate-high MDP adherence was associated with a lower risk of ALS before age 60 (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.19–0.99), but not overall. We observed no association between MDP adherence and AD. Our findings suggest higher adherence to a MDP may be protective against PD above age 60, and ALS before age 60.
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spelling doaj-art-bcd0fdf9c7004ebdac0624fe547ec55c2025-08-20T03:10:11ZengNature Portfolionpj Parkinson's Disease2373-80572025-04-011111610.1038/s41531-025-00932-1Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish womenEmily E. Joyce0Weiyao Yin1Marie Löf2Karin Wirdefeldt3Sven Sandin4Fang Fang5Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetAbstract Mediterranean dietary patterns (MDP) may be neuroprotective. Using a large population-based cohort of 42,582 Swedish women, this study examined the association between MDP adherence and the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). During 1991–1992, women in the Women’s Lifestyle and Health Study reported dietary intake, and MDP adherence was calculated. Incident neurodegenerative diseases were identified using the Swedish National Patient Register through 2022. Women who reported high MDP adherence had a lower risk of PD (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.95), primarily over age 60 (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.97). A moderate-high MDP adherence was associated with a lower risk of ALS before age 60 (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.19–0.99), but not overall. We observed no association between MDP adherence and AD. Our findings suggest higher adherence to a MDP may be protective against PD above age 60, and ALS before age 60.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00932-1
spellingShingle Emily E. Joyce
Weiyao Yin
Marie Löf
Karin Wirdefeldt
Sven Sandin
Fang Fang
Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish women
npj Parkinson's Disease
title Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish women
title_full Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish women
title_fullStr Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish women
title_full_unstemmed Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish women
title_short Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of Swedish women
title_sort mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of swedish women
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00932-1
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