Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspective

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke causing significant morbidity and mortality. Previously clinical treatments for ICH have largely been based on a single pathophysiological perspective, and there remains a lack of curative interventions. Following the ru...

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Main Authors: Jia-Jun Ju, Li-Hua Hang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2024.1510039/full
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author Jia-Jun Ju
Li-Hua Hang
Li-Hua Hang
author_facet Jia-Jun Ju
Li-Hua Hang
Li-Hua Hang
author_sort Jia-Jun Ju
collection DOAJ
description Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke causing significant morbidity and mortality. Previously clinical treatments for ICH have largely been based on a single pathophysiological perspective, and there remains a lack of curative interventions. Following the rupture of cerebral blood vessels, blood metabolites activate resident immune cells such as microglia and astrocytes, and infiltrate peripheral immune cells, leading to the release of a series of inflammatory mediators. Degradation of hemoglobin produces large amounts of iron ions, leading to an imbalance of iron homeostasis and the production of large quantities of harmful hydroxyl radicals. Neuroinflammation and dysregulation of brain iron metabolism are both important pathophysiological changes in ICH, and both can exacerbate secondary brain injury. There is an inseparable relationship between brain iron metabolism disorder and activated glial cells after ICH. Glial cells participate in brain iron metabolism through various mechanisms; meanwhile, iron accumulation exacerbates neuroinflammation by activating inflammatory signaling pathways modulating the functions of inflammatory cells, and so on. This review aims to explore neuroinflammation from the perspective of iron metabolism, linking the complex pathophysiological changes, delving into the exploration of treatment approaches for ICH, and offering insights that could enhance clinical management strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-bcc849b1deeb4109b7e477262cda514d2025-08-20T03:01:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-01-011510.3389/fneur.2024.15100391510039Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspectiveJia-Jun Ju0Li-Hua Hang1Li-Hua Hang2Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, ChinaGusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, ChinaKunshan Cancer Pain Prevention and Treatment Key Laboratory, Kunshan, ChinaIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke causing significant morbidity and mortality. Previously clinical treatments for ICH have largely been based on a single pathophysiological perspective, and there remains a lack of curative interventions. Following the rupture of cerebral blood vessels, blood metabolites activate resident immune cells such as microglia and astrocytes, and infiltrate peripheral immune cells, leading to the release of a series of inflammatory mediators. Degradation of hemoglobin produces large amounts of iron ions, leading to an imbalance of iron homeostasis and the production of large quantities of harmful hydroxyl radicals. Neuroinflammation and dysregulation of brain iron metabolism are both important pathophysiological changes in ICH, and both can exacerbate secondary brain injury. There is an inseparable relationship between brain iron metabolism disorder and activated glial cells after ICH. Glial cells participate in brain iron metabolism through various mechanisms; meanwhile, iron accumulation exacerbates neuroinflammation by activating inflammatory signaling pathways modulating the functions of inflammatory cells, and so on. This review aims to explore neuroinflammation from the perspective of iron metabolism, linking the complex pathophysiological changes, delving into the exploration of treatment approaches for ICH, and offering insights that could enhance clinical management strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2024.1510039/fullintracerebral hemorrhageneuroinflammationiron metabolismmicrogliaastrocytesoligodendrocytes
spellingShingle Jia-Jun Ju
Li-Hua Hang
Li-Hua Hang
Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspective
Frontiers in Neurology
intracerebral hemorrhage
neuroinflammation
iron metabolism
microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
title Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspective
title_full Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspective
title_fullStr Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspective
title_full_unstemmed Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspective
title_short Neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage: a glial cell perspective
title_sort neuroinflammation and iron metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage a glial cell perspective
topic intracerebral hemorrhage
neuroinflammation
iron metabolism
microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2024.1510039/full
work_keys_str_mv AT jiajunju neuroinflammationandironmetabolismafterintracerebralhemorrhageaglialcellperspective
AT lihuahang neuroinflammationandironmetabolismafterintracerebralhemorrhageaglialcellperspective
AT lihuahang neuroinflammationandironmetabolismafterintracerebralhemorrhageaglialcellperspective