Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly Woman

Hypercalcemia leads to serious neurological manifestations due to the modulation of neurotransmitters by high calcium levels. Hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism attributable to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma is a rare clinical entity. The exact localization of the ectopic lesion...

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Main Authors: Parth Sharma, Monica Gupta, Ambadas Rathod, Puneet Kaur, Sudhansoo Khanna
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiag.jiag_27_25
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author Parth Sharma
Monica Gupta
Ambadas Rathod
Puneet Kaur
Sudhansoo Khanna
author_facet Parth Sharma
Monica Gupta
Ambadas Rathod
Puneet Kaur
Sudhansoo Khanna
author_sort Parth Sharma
collection DOAJ
description Hypercalcemia leads to serious neurological manifestations due to the modulation of neurotransmitters by high calcium levels. Hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism attributable to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma is a rare clinical entity. The exact localization of the ectopic lesion can be challenging for clinicians, requiring a multimodal approach. An elderly female presented to our emergency department in an irritable state, followed by altered consciousness. The serum calcium, phosphorus, and serum intact parathormone levels were >14 mg/dL, 2.3 mg/dL, and 428 pg/mL, respectively. After a series of investigations, technetium-99m sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy clinched the diagnosis of a MIBI-avid lesion, a 19 mm × 14 mm × 23 mm parathyroid adenoma at the T2–T3 vertebral level, anteromedial to the left common carotid artery. The high calcium levels were initially managed with aggressive fluid resuscitation with intravenous normal saline. This was followed by complete excision of the parathyroid adenoma. Our case report highlights the importance of an early identification of potentially reversible etiologies of hypercalcemia and elucidates an approach to physicians regarding hypercalcemic encephalopathy.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-bcbc2768ae8449aba07ef3a0f6c4aeb42025-08-20T03:15:22ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics0974-34050974-24842025-04-0121215515810.4103/jiag.jiag_27_25Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly WomanParth SharmaMonica GuptaAmbadas RathodPuneet KaurSudhansoo KhannaHypercalcemia leads to serious neurological manifestations due to the modulation of neurotransmitters by high calcium levels. Hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism attributable to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma is a rare clinical entity. The exact localization of the ectopic lesion can be challenging for clinicians, requiring a multimodal approach. An elderly female presented to our emergency department in an irritable state, followed by altered consciousness. The serum calcium, phosphorus, and serum intact parathormone levels were >14 mg/dL, 2.3 mg/dL, and 428 pg/mL, respectively. After a series of investigations, technetium-99m sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy clinched the diagnosis of a MIBI-avid lesion, a 19 mm × 14 mm × 23 mm parathyroid adenoma at the T2–T3 vertebral level, anteromedial to the left common carotid artery. The high calcium levels were initially managed with aggressive fluid resuscitation with intravenous normal saline. This was followed by complete excision of the parathyroid adenoma. Our case report highlights the importance of an early identification of potentially reversible etiologies of hypercalcemia and elucidates an approach to physicians regarding hypercalcemic encephalopathy.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiag.jiag_27_25ectopic parathyroid adenomahypercalcemiaprimary hyperparathyroidismsestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
spellingShingle Parth Sharma
Monica Gupta
Ambadas Rathod
Puneet Kaur
Sudhansoo Khanna
Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly Woman
Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics
ectopic parathyroid adenoma
hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
title Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly Woman
title_full Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly Woman
title_fullStr Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly Woman
title_full_unstemmed Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly Woman
title_short Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy due to Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in an Elderly Woman
title_sort hypercalcemic encephalopathy due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma in an elderly woman
topic ectopic parathyroid adenoma
hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiag.jiag_27_25
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AT ambadasrathod hypercalcemicencephalopathyduetoectopicparathyroidadenomainanelderlywoman
AT puneetkaur hypercalcemicencephalopathyduetoectopicparathyroidadenomainanelderlywoman
AT sudhansookhanna hypercalcemicencephalopathyduetoectopicparathyroidadenomainanelderlywoman