Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser
Abstract Today’s precision experiments for timekeeping, inertial sensing, and fundamental science place strict requirements on the spectral distribution of laser frequency noise. Rubidium-based experiments utilize table-top 780 nm laser systems for high-performance clocks, gravity sensors, and quant...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76699-x |
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| author | Andrei Isichenko Andrew S. Hunter Debapam Bose Nitesh Chauhan Meiting Song Kaikai Liu Mark W. Harrington Daniel J. Blumenthal |
| author_facet | Andrei Isichenko Andrew S. Hunter Debapam Bose Nitesh Chauhan Meiting Song Kaikai Liu Mark W. Harrington Daniel J. Blumenthal |
| author_sort | Andrei Isichenko |
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| description | Abstract Today’s precision experiments for timekeeping, inertial sensing, and fundamental science place strict requirements on the spectral distribution of laser frequency noise. Rubidium-based experiments utilize table-top 780 nm laser systems for high-performance clocks, gravity sensors, and quantum gates. Wafer-scale integration of these lasers is critical for enabling systems-on-chip. Despite progress towards chip-scale 780 nm ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, achieving sub-Hz fundamental linewidth and sub-kHz integral linewidth has remained elusive. Here we report a hybrid integrated 780 nm self-injection locked laser with 0.74 Hz fundamental and 864 Hz integral linewidths and thermorefractive-noise-limited 100 Hz2/Hz at 10 kHz. These linewidths are over an order of magnitude lower than previous photonic-integrated 780 nm implementations. The laser consists of a Fabry-Pérot diode edge-coupled to an on-chip splitter and a tunable 90 million Q resonator realized in the CMOS foundry-compatible silicon nitride platform. We achieve 2 mW output power, 36 dB side mode suppression ratio, and a 2.5 GHz mode-hop-free tuning range. To demonstrate the potential for quantum atomic applications, we analyze the laser noise influence on sensitivity limits for atomic clocks, quantum gates, and atom interferometer gravimeters. This technology can be translated to other atomic wavelengths, enabling compact, ultra-low noise lasers for quantum sensing, computing, and metrology. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bcba91682f304b3e936612b8e724236e2025-08-20T02:22:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-011411910.1038/s41598-024-76699-xSub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laserAndrei Isichenko0Andrew S. Hunter1Debapam Bose2Nitesh Chauhan3Meiting Song4Kaikai Liu5Mark W. Harrington6Daniel J. Blumenthal7Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa BarbaraAbstract Today’s precision experiments for timekeeping, inertial sensing, and fundamental science place strict requirements on the spectral distribution of laser frequency noise. Rubidium-based experiments utilize table-top 780 nm laser systems for high-performance clocks, gravity sensors, and quantum gates. Wafer-scale integration of these lasers is critical for enabling systems-on-chip. Despite progress towards chip-scale 780 nm ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, achieving sub-Hz fundamental linewidth and sub-kHz integral linewidth has remained elusive. Here we report a hybrid integrated 780 nm self-injection locked laser with 0.74 Hz fundamental and 864 Hz integral linewidths and thermorefractive-noise-limited 100 Hz2/Hz at 10 kHz. These linewidths are over an order of magnitude lower than previous photonic-integrated 780 nm implementations. The laser consists of a Fabry-Pérot diode edge-coupled to an on-chip splitter and a tunable 90 million Q resonator realized in the CMOS foundry-compatible silicon nitride platform. We achieve 2 mW output power, 36 dB side mode suppression ratio, and a 2.5 GHz mode-hop-free tuning range. To demonstrate the potential for quantum atomic applications, we analyze the laser noise influence on sensitivity limits for atomic clocks, quantum gates, and atom interferometer gravimeters. This technology can be translated to other atomic wavelengths, enabling compact, ultra-low noise lasers for quantum sensing, computing, and metrology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76699-xPhotonic integrationLaser stabilizationRubidiumNarrow-linewidth lasers |
| spellingShingle | Andrei Isichenko Andrew S. Hunter Debapam Bose Nitesh Chauhan Meiting Song Kaikai Liu Mark W. Harrington Daniel J. Blumenthal Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser Scientific Reports Photonic integration Laser stabilization Rubidium Narrow-linewidth lasers |
| title | Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser |
| title_full | Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser |
| title_fullStr | Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser |
| title_short | Sub-Hz fundamental, sub-kHz integral linewidth self-injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser |
| title_sort | sub hz fundamental sub khz integral linewidth self injection locked 780 nm hybrid integrated laser |
| topic | Photonic integration Laser stabilization Rubidium Narrow-linewidth lasers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76699-x |
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