Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes

The authors investigate the moderating role of three dimensions of economic hardship on the relationship between maternal nonstandard work schedules (working evening, nights, or weekends) and children’s behavioral and cognitive outcomes at age five in the United Kingdom. The literature on the relati...

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Main Authors: Afshin Zilanawala, Anika Schenck-Fontaine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:Socius
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231251332979
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author Afshin Zilanawala
Anika Schenck-Fontaine
author_facet Afshin Zilanawala
Anika Schenck-Fontaine
author_sort Afshin Zilanawala
collection DOAJ
description The authors investigate the moderating role of three dimensions of economic hardship on the relationship between maternal nonstandard work schedules (working evening, nights, or weekends) and children’s behavioral and cognitive outcomes at age five in the United Kingdom. The literature on the relationship between nonstandard work and child development in early childhood has not taken into consideration the potentially important role of families’ economic circumstances. Economic circumstances may reduce or amplify the potential consequences of maternal nonstandard work schedules for young children. Using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort from the United Kingdom, and residualized change models, the authors test associations between children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age five from contemporaneous maternal nonstandard work schedules. Mothers who worked nonstandard schedules had more economic hardship relative to mothers working standard schedules. Nonstandard work schedules were related to higher internalizing behavior scores at age five. The authors examined if observed associations were moderated by income poverty, financial stress, and material hardship, separately, and found that the interaction of nonstandard work with higher levels of financial stress at age five was related to higher internalizing behavior scores. The results highlight a potentially challenging work-family interface in the context of working nonstandard schedules and experiencing economic hardship.
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spelling doaj-art-bcb7ecba7bfa4b119fac57a08b273a122025-08-20T03:09:16ZengSAGE PublishingSocius2378-02312025-05-011110.1177/23780231251332979Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s OutcomesAfshin Zilanawala0Anika Schenck-Fontaine1University of Southampton, Southampton, UKLeibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, GermanyThe authors investigate the moderating role of three dimensions of economic hardship on the relationship between maternal nonstandard work schedules (working evening, nights, or weekends) and children’s behavioral and cognitive outcomes at age five in the United Kingdom. The literature on the relationship between nonstandard work and child development in early childhood has not taken into consideration the potentially important role of families’ economic circumstances. Economic circumstances may reduce or amplify the potential consequences of maternal nonstandard work schedules for young children. Using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort from the United Kingdom, and residualized change models, the authors test associations between children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age five from contemporaneous maternal nonstandard work schedules. Mothers who worked nonstandard schedules had more economic hardship relative to mothers working standard schedules. Nonstandard work schedules were related to higher internalizing behavior scores at age five. The authors examined if observed associations were moderated by income poverty, financial stress, and material hardship, separately, and found that the interaction of nonstandard work with higher levels of financial stress at age five was related to higher internalizing behavior scores. The results highlight a potentially challenging work-family interface in the context of working nonstandard schedules and experiencing economic hardship.https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231251332979
spellingShingle Afshin Zilanawala
Anika Schenck-Fontaine
Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes
Socius
title Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes
title_full Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes
title_fullStr Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes
title_short Mothers’ Nonstandard Work Schedules, Economic Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes
title_sort mothers nonstandard work schedules economic hardship and children s outcomes
url https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231251332979
work_keys_str_mv AT afshinzilanawala mothersnonstandardworkscheduleseconomichardshipandchildrensoutcomes
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