Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations

Objective(s): Insulin therapy is critical in diabetic patients for controlling blood glucose levels. In recent years, pulmonary insulin delivery has emerged as an alternative approach for overcoming the therapeutic disadvantages of subcutaneous insulin administration, such as pain, infection risk, a...

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Main Authors: Mohsen Imenshahidi, Mona Kabiri, Mohammad Jandaghi, Seyed Salman Razavi Rouhani, Khalil Abnous, Gholamreza Karimi, Mohsen Tafaghodi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2025-07-01
Series:Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25775_0704318c3588eb789affb7a954e61e50.pdf
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author Mohsen Imenshahidi
Mona Kabiri
Mohammad Jandaghi
Seyed Salman Razavi Rouhani
Khalil Abnous
Gholamreza Karimi
Mohsen Tafaghodi
author_facet Mohsen Imenshahidi
Mona Kabiri
Mohammad Jandaghi
Seyed Salman Razavi Rouhani
Khalil Abnous
Gholamreza Karimi
Mohsen Tafaghodi
author_sort Mohsen Imenshahidi
collection DOAJ
description Objective(s): Insulin therapy is critical in diabetic patients for controlling blood glucose levels. In recent years, pulmonary insulin delivery has emerged as an alternative approach for overcoming the therapeutic disadvantages of subcutaneous insulin administration, such as pain, infection risk, and needle phobia. To develop the pulmonary insulin formulation, five insulin-containing dry powder inhalers (DPIs) with different excipients were tested in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Formulations were inoculated endotracheally to diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Insulin and glucose assays were performed on blood samples taken from the carotid artery at different intervals, including baseline and 1–4 hr after insulin administration. Results: The results illustrated that five formulations (F1-F5) could gradually increase the plasma insulin level during time points of the study. The first and third formulations comprising insulin, mannitol, and sodium citrate in the absence (F1) or presence of sodium alginate (F3) also declined plasma glucose levels in animals. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the pulmonary formulations could deliver and release insulin molecules in a good manner, and the biological activity of the two formulations, including F1 and F3, is acceptable and comparable to the subcutaneous insulin. Our findings support that the mentioned DPI products could have therapeutic potential as an alternative to subcutaneous insulin. Further investigations are needed to prove the capability of F1 and F3 spray-dried products to treat diabetic individuals.
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spelling doaj-art-bca47ed8542640cd9de6d9489c4cc1162025-08-20T02:48:09ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38742025-07-0128787387910.22038/ijbms.2025.83954.1816825775Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulationsMohsen Imenshahidi0Mona Kabiri1Mohammad Jandaghi2Seyed Salman Razavi Rouhani3Khalil Abnous4Gholamreza Karimi5Mohsen Tafaghodi6Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSchool of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSchool of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranObjective(s): Insulin therapy is critical in diabetic patients for controlling blood glucose levels. In recent years, pulmonary insulin delivery has emerged as an alternative approach for overcoming the therapeutic disadvantages of subcutaneous insulin administration, such as pain, infection risk, and needle phobia. To develop the pulmonary insulin formulation, five insulin-containing dry powder inhalers (DPIs) with different excipients were tested in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Formulations were inoculated endotracheally to diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Insulin and glucose assays were performed on blood samples taken from the carotid artery at different intervals, including baseline and 1–4 hr after insulin administration. Results: The results illustrated that five formulations (F1-F5) could gradually increase the plasma insulin level during time points of the study. The first and third formulations comprising insulin, mannitol, and sodium citrate in the absence (F1) or presence of sodium alginate (F3) also declined plasma glucose levels in animals. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the pulmonary formulations could deliver and release insulin molecules in a good manner, and the biological activity of the two formulations, including F1 and F3, is acceptable and comparable to the subcutaneous insulin. Our findings support that the mentioned DPI products could have therapeutic potential as an alternative to subcutaneous insulin. Further investigations are needed to prove the capability of F1 and F3 spray-dried products to treat diabetic individuals.https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25775_0704318c3588eb789affb7a954e61e50.pdfdiabetic ratsdry powder inhalers (dpis)glucoseinsulinpulmonary administration
spellingShingle Mohsen Imenshahidi
Mona Kabiri
Mohammad Jandaghi
Seyed Salman Razavi Rouhani
Khalil Abnous
Gholamreza Karimi
Mohsen Tafaghodi
Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
diabetic rats
dry powder inhalers (dpis)
glucose
insulin
pulmonary administration
title Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations
title_full Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations
title_fullStr Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations
title_full_unstemmed Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations
title_short Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations
title_sort pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations
topic diabetic rats
dry powder inhalers (dpis)
glucose
insulin
pulmonary administration
url https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25775_0704318c3588eb789affb7a954e61e50.pdf
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