The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are ubiquitous disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water with various health risks including reproductive toxicity, while the potential mechanisms are still unclear. Although green tea exhibits common detoxifying properties, its ability to mitigate the to...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324013150 |
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| author | Meixian Liu Zhiyuan Ning Yong Cheng Zhiyuan Zheng Xiaoxue Yang Ting Zheng Na Li Jian-Lin Wu |
| author_facet | Meixian Liu Zhiyuan Ning Yong Cheng Zhiyuan Zheng Xiaoxue Yang Ting Zheng Na Li Jian-Lin Wu |
| author_sort | Meixian Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are ubiquitous disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water with various health risks including reproductive toxicity, while the potential mechanisms are still unclear. Although green tea exhibits common detoxifying properties, its ability to mitigate the toxicity of HBQs still needs to be further deepened and explored. This study attempted to investigate the possible mechanism of the most common HBQ, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) induced reproductive toxicity and elucidate the protective effect of green tea using a series of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches. Firstly, in vivo experiments showed that 2,6-DCBQ could induce testicular damage in male rats via significantly decreasing sperm-associated Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. Then, in vitro incubation of 2,6-DCBQ with amino acids suggested that 2,6-DCBQ could bind to proteins via residues of cysteine or lysine and provided five additional modification patterns. Following, proteomics analysis revealed that at least 42 proteins were modified by 2,6-DCBQ, which were mainly enriched in the reproductive system. These results highlighted the significance of covalent protein modification in 2,6-DCBQ reproductive toxicity. Fortunately, we found that catechins (a class of major components of green tea) could competitively bind to 2,6-DCBQ in vivo and in vitro, reducing the amount and type of 2,6-DCBQ-protein adducts, thereby attenuating the reproductive system damage caused by 2,6-DCBQ. This study provides new insights into 2,6-DCBQ-induced reproductive system damage and reveals a new mechanism of green tea detoxification. Moreover, these findings offer potential strategies for alleviating the harmful impacts of environmental toxicants on human health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bca2cc6e60e24522ac1fda0b3821db29 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-bca2cc6e60e24522ac1fda0b3821db292025-08-20T02:18:58ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132024-11-0128611723910.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117239The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive bindingMeixian Liu0Zhiyuan Ning1Yong Cheng2Zhiyuan Zheng3Xiaoxue Yang4Ting Zheng5Na Li6Jian-Lin Wu7State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China; BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, ChinaZhejiang Skyherb Biotechnology Inc., Huzhou 313300, ChinaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518107, China; Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, ChinaMulti-omics Mass Spectrometry Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China; Corresponding authors.State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China; Corresponding authors.Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are ubiquitous disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water with various health risks including reproductive toxicity, while the potential mechanisms are still unclear. Although green tea exhibits common detoxifying properties, its ability to mitigate the toxicity of HBQs still needs to be further deepened and explored. This study attempted to investigate the possible mechanism of the most common HBQ, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) induced reproductive toxicity and elucidate the protective effect of green tea using a series of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches. Firstly, in vivo experiments showed that 2,6-DCBQ could induce testicular damage in male rats via significantly decreasing sperm-associated Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. Then, in vitro incubation of 2,6-DCBQ with amino acids suggested that 2,6-DCBQ could bind to proteins via residues of cysteine or lysine and provided five additional modification patterns. Following, proteomics analysis revealed that at least 42 proteins were modified by 2,6-DCBQ, which were mainly enriched in the reproductive system. These results highlighted the significance of covalent protein modification in 2,6-DCBQ reproductive toxicity. Fortunately, we found that catechins (a class of major components of green tea) could competitively bind to 2,6-DCBQ in vivo and in vitro, reducing the amount and type of 2,6-DCBQ-protein adducts, thereby attenuating the reproductive system damage caused by 2,6-DCBQ. This study provides new insights into 2,6-DCBQ-induced reproductive system damage and reveals a new mechanism of green tea detoxification. Moreover, these findings offer potential strategies for alleviating the harmful impacts of environmental toxicants on human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324013150Catechin2,6-DCBQCovalent protein modificationRatReproductive toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Meixian Liu Zhiyuan Ning Yong Cheng Zhiyuan Zheng Xiaoxue Yang Ting Zheng Na Li Jian-Lin Wu The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Catechin 2,6-DCBQ Covalent protein modification Rat Reproductive toxicity |
| title | The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding |
| title_full | The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding |
| title_fullStr | The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding |
| title_full_unstemmed | The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding |
| title_short | The key to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification: Covalent binding and competitive binding |
| title_sort | key to 2 6 dichloro 1 4 benzoquinone reproductive toxicity and green tea detoxification covalent binding and competitive binding |
| topic | Catechin 2,6-DCBQ Covalent protein modification Rat Reproductive toxicity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324013150 |
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