TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria

Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7), known as TAK1, is a central mediator of intracellular host defense signaling promoting inflammatory gene expression. Hence, TAK1 is a prime target of intracellular bacterial effectors in blocking inflammatory responses. However, whe...

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Main Authors: Wilfred López-Pérez, Roland E. González-Calderón, Kazuhito Sai, Prashant Rai, Jacqueline M. MacStudy, Yosuke Sakamachi, Cameron Parsons, Sophia Kathariou, Michael B. Fessler, Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:Cell Death and Disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07760-4
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author Wilfred López-Pérez
Roland E. González-Calderón
Kazuhito Sai
Prashant Rai
Jacqueline M. MacStudy
Yosuke Sakamachi
Cameron Parsons
Sophia Kathariou
Michael B. Fessler
Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
author_facet Wilfred López-Pérez
Roland E. González-Calderón
Kazuhito Sai
Prashant Rai
Jacqueline M. MacStudy
Yosuke Sakamachi
Cameron Parsons
Sophia Kathariou
Michael B. Fessler
Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
author_sort Wilfred López-Pérez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7), known as TAK1, is a central mediator of intracellular host defense signaling promoting inflammatory gene expression. Hence, TAK1 is a prime target of intracellular bacterial effectors in blocking inflammatory responses. However, when TAK1 is inhibited, host cells alternatively activate multiple cell death pathways, namely caspase 8-dependent apoptosis and pyroptosis, and receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-dependent necroptosis. While these pathways ultimately lead to cell death, we found that they also modulate mitochondria to produce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although as cell death executors, mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) and gasdermins are known to form pores in the plasma membrane, we found that TAK1 inhibition translocates them to mitochondria resulting in elevated mitochondrial ROS. Ablation of both MLKL and gasdermins diminished TAK1 inhibition-induced elevation of ROS and exacerbated intracellular bacterial colonization. Our results reveal that these cell death pathways have an alternative host defense role to prevent intracellular pathogen colonization.
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spelling doaj-art-bc99dc625cff4f6fb5712c8e2f32033d2025-08-20T03:22:57ZengNature Publishing GroupCell Death and Disease2041-48892025-06-0116111010.1038/s41419-025-07760-4TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondriaWilfred López-Pérez0Roland E. González-Calderón1Kazuhito Sai2Prashant Rai3Jacqueline M. MacStudy4Yosuke Sakamachi5Cameron Parsons6Sophia Kathariou7Michael B. Fessler8Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji9Department of Biological Sciences and Toxicology Program, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences and Toxicology Program, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences and Toxicology Program, North Carolina State UniversityImmunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of HealthDepartment of Biological Sciences and Toxicology Program, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences and Toxicology Program, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityImmunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of HealthDepartment of Biological Sciences and Toxicology Program, North Carolina State UniversityAbstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7), known as TAK1, is a central mediator of intracellular host defense signaling promoting inflammatory gene expression. Hence, TAK1 is a prime target of intracellular bacterial effectors in blocking inflammatory responses. However, when TAK1 is inhibited, host cells alternatively activate multiple cell death pathways, namely caspase 8-dependent apoptosis and pyroptosis, and receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-dependent necroptosis. While these pathways ultimately lead to cell death, we found that they also modulate mitochondria to produce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although as cell death executors, mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) and gasdermins are known to form pores in the plasma membrane, we found that TAK1 inhibition translocates them to mitochondria resulting in elevated mitochondrial ROS. Ablation of both MLKL and gasdermins diminished TAK1 inhibition-induced elevation of ROS and exacerbated intracellular bacterial colonization. Our results reveal that these cell death pathways have an alternative host defense role to prevent intracellular pathogen colonization.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07760-4
spellingShingle Wilfred López-Pérez
Roland E. González-Calderón
Kazuhito Sai
Prashant Rai
Jacqueline M. MacStudy
Yosuke Sakamachi
Cameron Parsons
Sophia Kathariou
Michael B. Fessler
Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria
Cell Death and Disease
title TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria
title_full TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria
title_fullStr TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria
title_full_unstemmed TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria
title_short TAK1 inhibition activates pore-forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria
title_sort tak1 inhibition activates pore forming proteins to block intracellular bacterial growth through modulating mitochondria
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07760-4
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