Unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencing

Abstract The contamination of pork during breeding can negatively impact both food quality and safety. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), a chlorine-containing disinfectant, is widely used in animal environments. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial communities in...

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Main Authors: Feng Liu, Jiele Ma, Lichang Sui, Wen Wang, Yingping Xiao, Qingli Dong, Xingning Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Animal Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-025-00158-x
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author Feng Liu
Jiele Ma
Lichang Sui
Wen Wang
Yingping Xiao
Qingli Dong
Xingning Xiao
author_facet Feng Liu
Jiele Ma
Lichang Sui
Wen Wang
Yingping Xiao
Qingli Dong
Xingning Xiao
author_sort Feng Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The contamination of pork during breeding can negatively impact both food quality and safety. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), a chlorine-containing disinfectant, is widely used in animal environments. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial communities in a pork farm. We also assessed the effectiveness of NaDCC disinfection by analyzing microbial diversity. The results revealed that the predominant genera in pork skin samples and environmental samples were Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter, respectively. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equinus were present in all the samples, suggesting that NaDCC is not fully effective in preventing zoonotic pathogen contamination. The Chao1 and Shannon indices for sow skins increased after disinfection. No significant differences were observed in the microbiological composition of sow barn samples before and after disinfection (p > 0.1). Additionally, bacterial abundance in sow skin was strongly correlated with abundance on pen floors (r = 0.906, p < 0.05), indicating potential cross-contamination between these sample types. Conversely, the bacterial abundance in the floor samples was weakly correlated with that in the other samples, suggesting that NaDCC is effective as a decontaminant. This study provides valuable insights into microbial contamination on pork farms and underscores the importance of proper disinfection practices. This study also offers scientific recommendations for improving disinfection protocols.
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spelling doaj-art-bc80d9494a514bc3848ea54bcbea15432025-08-20T02:14:59ZengBMCAnimal Diseases2731-04422025-02-015111210.1186/s44149-025-00158-xUnraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencingFeng Liu0Jiele Ma1Lichang Sui2Wen Wang3Yingping Xiao4Qingli Dong5Xingning Xiao6College of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Life Science, China Jiliang UniversityState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract The contamination of pork during breeding can negatively impact both food quality and safety. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), a chlorine-containing disinfectant, is widely used in animal environments. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial communities in a pork farm. We also assessed the effectiveness of NaDCC disinfection by analyzing microbial diversity. The results revealed that the predominant genera in pork skin samples and environmental samples were Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter, respectively. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equinus were present in all the samples, suggesting that NaDCC is not fully effective in preventing zoonotic pathogen contamination. The Chao1 and Shannon indices for sow skins increased after disinfection. No significant differences were observed in the microbiological composition of sow barn samples before and after disinfection (p > 0.1). Additionally, bacterial abundance in sow skin was strongly correlated with abundance on pen floors (r = 0.906, p < 0.05), indicating potential cross-contamination between these sample types. Conversely, the bacterial abundance in the floor samples was weakly correlated with that in the other samples, suggesting that NaDCC is effective as a decontaminant. This study provides valuable insights into microbial contamination on pork farms and underscores the importance of proper disinfection practices. This study also offers scientific recommendations for improving disinfection protocols.https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-025-00158-xPork farmNaDCC disinfectionBacterial contaminationOne health
spellingShingle Feng Liu
Jiele Ma
Lichang Sui
Wen Wang
Yingping Xiao
Qingli Dong
Xingning Xiao
Unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencing
Animal Diseases
Pork farm
NaDCC disinfection
Bacterial contamination
One health
title Unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencing
title_full Unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencing
title_fullStr Unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencing
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencing
title_short Unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high-throughput sequencing
title_sort unraveling the microbial contamination characteristics of pork farms and disinfection efficacy assessment via high throughput sequencing
topic Pork farm
NaDCC disinfection
Bacterial contamination
One health
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-025-00158-x
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