Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract: Mutations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) such as DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 can be found in the peripheral blood of healthy adults, a phenomenon termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH). These mutations are thought to represent the earliest genetic events in the evolution of AML. Genomic studi...

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Main Authors: Ryan D. Chow, Priya Velu, Safoora Deihimi, Jonathan Belman, Angela Youn, Nisargbhai Shah, Selina M. Luger, Martin P. Carroll, Jennifer Morrissette, Robert L. Bowman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Blood Advances
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2473952925001016
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author Ryan D. Chow
Priya Velu
Safoora Deihimi
Jonathan Belman
Angela Youn
Nisargbhai Shah
Selina M. Luger
Martin P. Carroll
Jennifer Morrissette
Robert L. Bowman
author_facet Ryan D. Chow
Priya Velu
Safoora Deihimi
Jonathan Belman
Angela Youn
Nisargbhai Shah
Selina M. Luger
Martin P. Carroll
Jennifer Morrissette
Robert L. Bowman
author_sort Ryan D. Chow
collection DOAJ
description Abstract: Mutations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) such as DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 can be found in the peripheral blood of healthy adults, a phenomenon termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH). These mutations are thought to represent the earliest genetic events in the evolution of AML. Genomic studies on samples acquired at diagnosis, remission, and at relapse have demonstrated significant stability of CH mutations after induction chemotherapy. Meanwhile, later mutations in genes such as NPM1 and FLT3 have been shown to contract at remission, and in the case of FLT3 often are absent at relapse. We sought to understand how early CH mutations influence subsequent evolutionary trajectories throughout remission and relapse in response to induction chemotherapy. We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with de novo AML at our institution that underwent genomic sequencing at diagnosis, remission, and/or relapse (total N = 182 patients). FLT3 and NPM1 mutations were generally eliminated at complete remission but subsequently reemerged upon relapse, whereas DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 mutations often persisted through remission. CH-related mutations exhibited distinct constellations of co-occurring genetic alterations, with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations enriched in DNMT3Amut AML, whereas CBL and SRSF2 mutations were enriched in TET2mut and ASXL1mut AML, respectively. In the case of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations, these differences vanished at the time of complete remission yet readily reemerged upon relapse, indicating the reproducible nature of these genetic interactions. Thus, CH-associated mutations that likely precede malignant transformation subsequently shape the evolutionary trajectories of AML through diagnosis, therapy, and relapse.
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spelling doaj-art-bc7e5a31b30543af85477f7c335d61ba2025-08-20T03:06:14ZengElsevierBlood Advances2473-95292025-04-01981888189910.1182/bloodadvances.2024015149Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemiaRyan D. Chow0Priya Velu1Safoora Deihimi2Jonathan Belman3Angela Youn4Nisargbhai Shah5Selina M. Luger6Martin P. Carroll7Jennifer Morrissette8Robert L. Bowman9Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NYDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PADepartment of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Correspondence: Robert L. Bowman, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Room 753, Philadelphia, PA 19104;Abstract: Mutations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) such as DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 can be found in the peripheral blood of healthy adults, a phenomenon termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH). These mutations are thought to represent the earliest genetic events in the evolution of AML. Genomic studies on samples acquired at diagnosis, remission, and at relapse have demonstrated significant stability of CH mutations after induction chemotherapy. Meanwhile, later mutations in genes such as NPM1 and FLT3 have been shown to contract at remission, and in the case of FLT3 often are absent at relapse. We sought to understand how early CH mutations influence subsequent evolutionary trajectories throughout remission and relapse in response to induction chemotherapy. We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with de novo AML at our institution that underwent genomic sequencing at diagnosis, remission, and/or relapse (total N = 182 patients). FLT3 and NPM1 mutations were generally eliminated at complete remission but subsequently reemerged upon relapse, whereas DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 mutations often persisted through remission. CH-related mutations exhibited distinct constellations of co-occurring genetic alterations, with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations enriched in DNMT3Amut AML, whereas CBL and SRSF2 mutations were enriched in TET2mut and ASXL1mut AML, respectively. In the case of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations, these differences vanished at the time of complete remission yet readily reemerged upon relapse, indicating the reproducible nature of these genetic interactions. Thus, CH-associated mutations that likely precede malignant transformation subsequently shape the evolutionary trajectories of AML through diagnosis, therapy, and relapse.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2473952925001016
spellingShingle Ryan D. Chow
Priya Velu
Safoora Deihimi
Jonathan Belman
Angela Youn
Nisargbhai Shah
Selina M. Luger
Martin P. Carroll
Jennifer Morrissette
Robert L. Bowman
Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia
Blood Advances
title Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia
title_full Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia
title_fullStr Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia
title_full_unstemmed Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia
title_short Persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia
title_sort persistent postremission clonal hematopoiesis shapes the relapse trajectories of acute myeloid leukemia
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2473952925001016
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