NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral Data

Vegetation indices have long been central to vegetation monitoring through remote sensing. The most popular one is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), yet many vegetation indices (VIs) exist. In this paper, we investigate their distinctiveness and discriminative power in the context o...

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Main Authors: Andreea Nițu, Corneliu Florea, Mihai Ivanovici, Andrei Racoviteanu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3817
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author Andreea Nițu
Corneliu Florea
Mihai Ivanovici
Andrei Racoviteanu
author_facet Andreea Nițu
Corneliu Florea
Mihai Ivanovici
Andrei Racoviteanu
author_sort Andreea Nițu
collection DOAJ
description Vegetation indices have long been central to vegetation monitoring through remote sensing. The most popular one is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), yet many vegetation indices (VIs) exist. In this paper, we investigate their distinctiveness and discriminative power in the context of applications for agriculture based on hyperspectral data. More precisely, this paper merges two complementary perspectives: an unsupervised analysis with PRISMA satellite imagery to explore whether these indices are truly distinct in practice and a supervised classification over UAV hyperspectral data. We assess their discriminative power, statistical correlations, and perceptual similarities. Our findings suggest that while many VIs have a certain correlation with the NDVI, meaningful differences emerge depending on landscape and application context, thus supporting their effectiveness as discriminative features usable in remote crop segmentation and recognition applications.
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-bc7e4dbafdd64b2b954b802c5a3553702025-08-20T03:26:51ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512381710.3390/s25123817NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral DataAndreea Nițu0Corneliu Florea1Mihai Ivanovici2Andrei Racoviteanu3AI4AGRI, Romanian Excellence Center on AI for Agriculture, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500024 Brasov, RomaniaAI4AGRI, Romanian Excellence Center on AI for Agriculture, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500024 Brasov, RomaniaAI4AGRI, Romanian Excellence Center on AI for Agriculture, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500024 Brasov, RomaniaAI4AGRI, Romanian Excellence Center on AI for Agriculture, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500024 Brasov, RomaniaVegetation indices have long been central to vegetation monitoring through remote sensing. The most popular one is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), yet many vegetation indices (VIs) exist. In this paper, we investigate their distinctiveness and discriminative power in the context of applications for agriculture based on hyperspectral data. More precisely, this paper merges two complementary perspectives: an unsupervised analysis with PRISMA satellite imagery to explore whether these indices are truly distinct in practice and a supervised classification over UAV hyperspectral data. We assess their discriminative power, statistical correlations, and perceptual similarities. Our findings suggest that while many VIs have a certain correlation with the NDVI, meaningful differences emerge depending on landscape and application context, thus supporting their effectiveness as discriminative features usable in remote crop segmentation and recognition applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3817vegetation indicesNDVIremote sensinghyperspectral imagingclassificationsimilarity metrics
spellingShingle Andreea Nițu
Corneliu Florea
Mihai Ivanovici
Andrei Racoviteanu
NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral Data
Sensors
vegetation indices
NDVI
remote sensing
hyperspectral imaging
classification
similarity metrics
title NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral Data
title_full NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral Data
title_fullStr NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral Data
title_full_unstemmed NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral Data
title_short NDVI and Beyond: Vegetation Indices as Features for Crop Recognition and Segmentation in Hyperspectral Data
title_sort ndvi and beyond vegetation indices as features for crop recognition and segmentation in hyperspectral data
topic vegetation indices
NDVI
remote sensing
hyperspectral imaging
classification
similarity metrics
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3817
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AT mihaiivanovici ndviandbeyondvegetationindicesasfeaturesforcroprecognitionandsegmentationinhyperspectraldata
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