Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction

AimsAlthough neural activity abnormalities have been reported in cirrhosis patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying microstructural brain alterations remain poorly understood. This prospective study aimed to assess microstructural abnormalities...

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Main Authors: Qing Sun, Wenliang Fan, Yuan Liu, Zhifeng Kou, Ping Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1600100/full
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author Qing Sun
Qing Sun
Qing Sun
Wenliang Fan
Wenliang Fan
Wenliang Fan
Yuan Liu
Yuan Liu
Yuan Liu
Zhifeng Kou
Ping Han
Ping Han
Ping Han
author_facet Qing Sun
Qing Sun
Qing Sun
Wenliang Fan
Wenliang Fan
Wenliang Fan
Yuan Liu
Yuan Liu
Yuan Liu
Zhifeng Kou
Ping Han
Ping Han
Ping Han
author_sort Qing Sun
collection DOAJ
description AimsAlthough neural activity abnormalities have been reported in cirrhosis patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying microstructural brain alterations remain poorly understood. This prospective study aimed to assess microstructural abnormalities in both gray matter and white matter of MHE patients by using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and to examine associations between these alterations and neurocognitive and clinical measurements.MethodsThirty-one Hepatitis B Virus-related cirrhotic patients without MHE (NMHE), thirty Hepatitis B Virus-related cirrhotic patients with MHE, and 59 gender-, age-, education-matched healthy controls underwent diffusional kurtosis imaging and neurocognitive assessments. We used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis to estimate group differences of white matter (WM) microstructure and voxel-based morphometry analysis to determine gray matter (GM) abnormalities. Correlation analyses were further performed to assess relationships between altered diffusional parameters and clinical variables, such as neurocognitive performances and disease duration.ResultsThe TBSS analysis results showed that MHE patients had significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the temporal part of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and decreased kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) in the left corticospinal tract and anterior thalamic radiation (p < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected). Notably, lower KFA in WM regions correlated with worse neurocognitive test scores in MHE patients. For GM, MHE patients exhibited increased volume of thalamus. No significant WM or GM differences were observed between NMHE patients and the other two groups.ConclusionMinimal hepatic encephalopathy patients demonstrated microstructural abnormalities in both WM and GM, predominantly affecting regions involved in cognitive, attention, and motor functions. These findings suggest that disruption of microstructural integrity may underlie the pathophysiological underpinnings of neurocognitive dysfunction in MHE, offering neuroimaging evidence for disease mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-bc79dcb935d54b9d9fa311ae01188b482025-08-20T03:51:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612025-07-011910.3389/fnhum.2025.16001001600100Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunctionQing Sun0Qing Sun1Qing Sun2Wenliang Fan3Wenliang Fan4Wenliang Fan5Yuan Liu6Yuan Liu7Yuan Liu8Zhifeng Kou9Ping Han10Ping Han11Ping Han12Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology and Interventional Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology and Interventional Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology and Interventional Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United StatesDepartment of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology and Interventional Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, ChinaAimsAlthough neural activity abnormalities have been reported in cirrhosis patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying microstructural brain alterations remain poorly understood. This prospective study aimed to assess microstructural abnormalities in both gray matter and white matter of MHE patients by using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and to examine associations between these alterations and neurocognitive and clinical measurements.MethodsThirty-one Hepatitis B Virus-related cirrhotic patients without MHE (NMHE), thirty Hepatitis B Virus-related cirrhotic patients with MHE, and 59 gender-, age-, education-matched healthy controls underwent diffusional kurtosis imaging and neurocognitive assessments. We used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis to estimate group differences of white matter (WM) microstructure and voxel-based morphometry analysis to determine gray matter (GM) abnormalities. Correlation analyses were further performed to assess relationships between altered diffusional parameters and clinical variables, such as neurocognitive performances and disease duration.ResultsThe TBSS analysis results showed that MHE patients had significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the temporal part of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and decreased kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) in the left corticospinal tract and anterior thalamic radiation (p < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected). Notably, lower KFA in WM regions correlated with worse neurocognitive test scores in MHE patients. For GM, MHE patients exhibited increased volume of thalamus. No significant WM or GM differences were observed between NMHE patients and the other two groups.ConclusionMinimal hepatic encephalopathy patients demonstrated microstructural abnormalities in both WM and GM, predominantly affecting regions involved in cognitive, attention, and motor functions. These findings suggest that disruption of microstructural integrity may underlie the pathophysiological underpinnings of neurocognitive dysfunction in MHE, offering neuroimaging evidence for disease mechanisms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1600100/fullminimal hepatic encephalopathydiffusion kurtosis imagingtract-based spatial statisticswhite mattergray mattervoxel-based morphometry
spellingShingle Qing Sun
Qing Sun
Qing Sun
Wenliang Fan
Wenliang Fan
Wenliang Fan
Yuan Liu
Yuan Liu
Yuan Liu
Zhifeng Kou
Ping Han
Ping Han
Ping Han
Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
minimal hepatic encephalopathy
diffusion kurtosis imaging
tract-based spatial statistics
white matter
gray matter
voxel-based morphometry
title Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction
title_full Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction
title_fullStr Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction
title_short Assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction
title_sort assessment of microstructural abnormalities in gray and white matter of minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients using diffusion kurtosis imaging and their associations with neurocognitive dysfunction
topic minimal hepatic encephalopathy
diffusion kurtosis imaging
tract-based spatial statistics
white matter
gray matter
voxel-based morphometry
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1600100/full
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