Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)

Abstract Background Translation teams conducting translation and cultural adaptation find it paramount to properly describe concepts of items within clinical outcome assessments (COAs). To minimize potential threats to linguistic/conceptual equivalence, these teams must understand the concepts a COA...

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Main Authors: Benjamin Arnold, Dana Weiss, Emily Parks-Vernizzi, Barbara Brandt, Ana Popielnicki, Beatrice Tedeschi, Clayon Hamilton, Mark Wade, John Chaplin, Holger Muehlan, Jussi P. Repo, Sonya Eremenco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-025-00920-2
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author Benjamin Arnold
Dana Weiss
Emily Parks-Vernizzi
Barbara Brandt
Ana Popielnicki
Beatrice Tedeschi
Clayon Hamilton
Mark Wade
John Chaplin
Holger Muehlan
Jussi P. Repo
Sonya Eremenco
author_facet Benjamin Arnold
Dana Weiss
Emily Parks-Vernizzi
Barbara Brandt
Ana Popielnicki
Beatrice Tedeschi
Clayon Hamilton
Mark Wade
John Chaplin
Holger Muehlan
Jussi P. Repo
Sonya Eremenco
author_sort Benjamin Arnold
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Translation teams conducting translation and cultural adaptation find it paramount to properly describe concepts of items within clinical outcome assessments (COAs). To minimize potential threats to linguistic/conceptual equivalence, these teams must understand the concepts a COA intends to measure. This research provides recommendations for the process of developing concept definitions in general, as well as specific recommendations on who should be involved in the process and what a concept definition document should contain. Methods The Concept Definition Working Group of the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) Translation and Cultural Adaptation Special Interest Group (TCA-SIG) carried out a literature review and a survey of 20 professionals working in the area of translation and linguistic validation of COAs. The Working Group based recommendations on a combination of survey results and consensus building via online meetings. Results Translation teams should develop concept definitions during the preparation phase of the translation process, assuming they do not already exist, and include COA developers and project managers with experience in linguistic validation and conceptual analysis of COAs. The Working Group recommends that concept definitions consist of information related to the therapeutic area being studied, information related to the COA development process, definitions of concepts and domains, as well as elaboration of colloquialisms and acceptable/unacceptable translation alternatives. We recommend centralized distribution of concept definitions. Conclusions Concept definitions guide stakeholders and ensure all parties align on the intended meaning of items being translated. While experts have made recommendations for best practices around translation and linguistic validation methodology, they have not clearly delineated the process of defining concepts. The Concept Definition Working Group of the ISOQOL TCA-SIG has therefore developed a set of recommendations for the process of defining concepts. With these recommendations the Working Group intends to standardize the development of concept definitions with the goal of enhancing conceptual equivalence across translations to support data pooling and provide confidence that clinical trial data are comparable, interpretable, and can be relied upon in evaluating clinical benefit of treatments.
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spelling doaj-art-bc7647e18bae46b2ba4039b34f2399fe2025-08-20T04:02:56ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Patient-Reported Outcomes2509-80202025-07-019111210.1186/s41687-025-00920-2Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)Benjamin Arnold0Dana Weiss1Emily Parks-Vernizzi2Barbara Brandt3Ana Popielnicki4Beatrice Tedeschi5Clayon Hamilton6Mark Wade7John Chaplin8Holger Muehlan9Jussi P. Repo10Sonya Eremenco11FACITtransFormerly of Mapi Research TrustFACITtransCritical Path InstituteGSKLionbridgeFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British ColumbiaTransPerfect New YorkSahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg UniversityHealth & Medical UniversityTampere University Hospital and University of TampereCritical Path InstituteAbstract Background Translation teams conducting translation and cultural adaptation find it paramount to properly describe concepts of items within clinical outcome assessments (COAs). To minimize potential threats to linguistic/conceptual equivalence, these teams must understand the concepts a COA intends to measure. This research provides recommendations for the process of developing concept definitions in general, as well as specific recommendations on who should be involved in the process and what a concept definition document should contain. Methods The Concept Definition Working Group of the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) Translation and Cultural Adaptation Special Interest Group (TCA-SIG) carried out a literature review and a survey of 20 professionals working in the area of translation and linguistic validation of COAs. The Working Group based recommendations on a combination of survey results and consensus building via online meetings. Results Translation teams should develop concept definitions during the preparation phase of the translation process, assuming they do not already exist, and include COA developers and project managers with experience in linguistic validation and conceptual analysis of COAs. The Working Group recommends that concept definitions consist of information related to the therapeutic area being studied, information related to the COA development process, definitions of concepts and domains, as well as elaboration of colloquialisms and acceptable/unacceptable translation alternatives. We recommend centralized distribution of concept definitions. Conclusions Concept definitions guide stakeholders and ensure all parties align on the intended meaning of items being translated. While experts have made recommendations for best practices around translation and linguistic validation methodology, they have not clearly delineated the process of defining concepts. The Concept Definition Working Group of the ISOQOL TCA-SIG has therefore developed a set of recommendations for the process of defining concepts. With these recommendations the Working Group intends to standardize the development of concept definitions with the goal of enhancing conceptual equivalence across translations to support data pooling and provide confidence that clinical trial data are comparable, interpretable, and can be relied upon in evaluating clinical benefit of treatments.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-025-00920-2Concept definitionItem definitionConcept elaborationLinguistic validationTranslationCultural adaptation
spellingShingle Benjamin Arnold
Dana Weiss
Emily Parks-Vernizzi
Barbara Brandt
Ana Popielnicki
Beatrice Tedeschi
Clayon Hamilton
Mark Wade
John Chaplin
Holger Muehlan
Jussi P. Repo
Sonya Eremenco
Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Concept definition
Item definition
Concept elaboration
Linguistic validation
Translation
Cultural adaptation
title Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)
title_full Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)
title_fullStr Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)
title_full_unstemmed Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)
title_short Principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments (COAs)
title_sort principles of good practice for concept definition in the context of translation and linguistic validation of clinical outcome assessments coas
topic Concept definition
Item definition
Concept elaboration
Linguistic validation
Translation
Cultural adaptation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-025-00920-2
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