Novel brood-site pollination mutualism between sympetalous Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae, Liliales) and a cecidomyiid gall midge (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) breeding in fallen male flowers
Heterosmilax is a unique dioecious genus of Smilacaceae (Liliales, Monocotyledon) in that both male and female flowers are sympetalous, ellipsoid, and almost closed. Our field observations in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan showed that H. japonica flowers are visited and pollinated exclusively by female...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Pensoft Publishers
2025-04-01
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| Series: | ZooKeys |
| Online Access: | https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/146453/download/pdf/ |
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