A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases

Background: China's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides vaccinations against 12 vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) at no cost to families. For some VPDs, parents may opt to substitute equivalent non-program vaccines, including combination vaccines, for EPI vaccines; substitute vacc...

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Main Authors: Aodi Huang, Lin Tang, Lifang Huang, Jun Li, Xue Zhang, Jiajie Liu, Yang Zhou, Bingling Zhang, Lei Wang, Qian Zhang, Xia Xu, Zemei Zhou, Yu Wang, Xiaoqi Wang, Qianqian Liu, Siyu Liu, Zundong Yin, Fuzhen Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Vaccine: X
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259013622400175X
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author Aodi Huang
Lin Tang
Lifang Huang
Jun Li
Xue Zhang
Jiajie Liu
Yang Zhou
Bingling Zhang
Lei Wang
Qian Zhang
Xia Xu
Zemei Zhou
Yu Wang
Xiaoqi Wang
Qianqian Liu
Siyu Liu
Zundong Yin
Fuzhen Wang
author_facet Aodi Huang
Lin Tang
Lifang Huang
Jun Li
Xue Zhang
Jiajie Liu
Yang Zhou
Bingling Zhang
Lei Wang
Qian Zhang
Xia Xu
Zemei Zhou
Yu Wang
Xiaoqi Wang
Qianqian Liu
Siyu Liu
Zundong Yin
Fuzhen Wang
author_sort Aodi Huang
collection DOAJ
description Background: China's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides vaccinations against 12 vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) at no cost to families. For some VPDs, parents may opt to substitute equivalent non-program vaccines, including combination vaccines, for EPI vaccines; substitute vaccines must be paid for by the family. Although parents have several choices for vaccinating their children, their preferences for vaccines and immunization schedules have not been systematically evaluated. We used a discrete choice experiment to evaluate four attributes of vaccines for routine immunization: number of injections, risk of mild side-effects, out-of-pocket cost, and location of manufacturer (domestic or imported). Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey conducted in vaccination clinics, guardians were asked to select their preferred vaccination schedule from five options in ten choice sets with the four attributes. We used a mixed logit model to determine parental preferences for vaccination schedules, relative importance of attributes, and predict the likelihood of successful vaccination under different scenarios. Results: A total of 581 parents from seven provinces and cities in China participated in the survey, and 488 respondents had internally consistent responses and were included in the analysis. The number of injections in the schedule was the most important attribute for predicting uptake, followed by risk of mild side-effects. Preferences varied by region and parental role. Predicted uptake in the preferred vaccination scenario relative to base-case schedule uptake was a 99.55 % increase. Conclusions: Number of injections and risk of mild side-effects were the two most important attributes of the routine immunization schedule. Results from this study can help optimize the immunization schedule in China to improve coverage of childhood vaccines.
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series Vaccine: X
spelling doaj-art-bc6ef9d378b34c1fb335c26154d022f22025-08-20T03:13:59ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622025-01-012210060210.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100602A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseasesAodi Huang0Lin Tang1Lifang Huang2Jun Li3Xue Zhang4Jiajie Liu5Yang Zhou6Bingling Zhang7Lei Wang8Qian Zhang9Xia Xu10Zemei Zhou11Yu Wang12Xiaoqi Wang13Qianqian Liu14Siyu Liu15Zundong Yin16Fuzhen Wang17National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaFujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, ChinaHenan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaSichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, ChinaGansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, ChinaHubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Corresponding author.Background: China's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides vaccinations against 12 vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) at no cost to families. For some VPDs, parents may opt to substitute equivalent non-program vaccines, including combination vaccines, for EPI vaccines; substitute vaccines must be paid for by the family. Although parents have several choices for vaccinating their children, their preferences for vaccines and immunization schedules have not been systematically evaluated. We used a discrete choice experiment to evaluate four attributes of vaccines for routine immunization: number of injections, risk of mild side-effects, out-of-pocket cost, and location of manufacturer (domestic or imported). Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey conducted in vaccination clinics, guardians were asked to select their preferred vaccination schedule from five options in ten choice sets with the four attributes. We used a mixed logit model to determine parental preferences for vaccination schedules, relative importance of attributes, and predict the likelihood of successful vaccination under different scenarios. Results: A total of 581 parents from seven provinces and cities in China participated in the survey, and 488 respondents had internally consistent responses and were included in the analysis. The number of injections in the schedule was the most important attribute for predicting uptake, followed by risk of mild side-effects. Preferences varied by region and parental role. Predicted uptake in the preferred vaccination scenario relative to base-case schedule uptake was a 99.55 % increase. Conclusions: Number of injections and risk of mild side-effects were the two most important attributes of the routine immunization schedule. Results from this study can help optimize the immunization schedule in China to improve coverage of childhood vaccines.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259013622400175XVaccination programDiscrete choice experimentParental preferenceCoverage
spellingShingle Aodi Huang
Lin Tang
Lifang Huang
Jun Li
Xue Zhang
Jiajie Liu
Yang Zhou
Bingling Zhang
Lei Wang
Qian Zhang
Xia Xu
Zemei Zhou
Yu Wang
Xiaoqi Wang
Qianqian Liu
Siyu Liu
Zundong Yin
Fuzhen Wang
A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases
Vaccine: X
Vaccination program
Discrete choice experiment
Parental preference
Coverage
title A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases
title_full A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases
title_fullStr A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases
title_full_unstemmed A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases
title_short A discrete choice experiment on Chinese parents' preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases
title_sort discrete choice experiment on chinese parents preferences of vaccine schedules against six childhood infectious diseases
topic Vaccination program
Discrete choice experiment
Parental preference
Coverage
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259013622400175X
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