Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.

Functional limitation represents a major health concern among older adults, with its incidence increased based on personal characteristics such as being a woman, having minor levels of education, and lower socioeconomic status, leading to health inequities. Addressing these inequities requires compr...

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Main Authors: Héctor García-Hernández, Guillermo Salinas-Escudero, Hortensia Reyes-Morales, María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325211
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author Héctor García-Hernández
Guillermo Salinas-Escudero
Hortensia Reyes-Morales
María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega
author_facet Héctor García-Hernández
Guillermo Salinas-Escudero
Hortensia Reyes-Morales
María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega
author_sort Héctor García-Hernández
collection DOAJ
description Functional limitation represents a major health concern among older adults, with its incidence increased based on personal characteristics such as being a woman, having minor levels of education, and lower socioeconomic status, leading to health inequities. Addressing these inequities requires comprehensive frameworks like intersectionality to provide a broader perspective. This study analyzes health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults using data from the 2021 round of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) within an intersectional framework. The Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) technique, recognized as the gold standard in quantitative intersectionality research, was employed. Six variables were assessed: age, sex, education, social engagement, economic status, and access to health services. The results indicate that age, social engagement, and economic status were the main variables that explain functional limitation. Enhancing social engagement emerges as a practical short-term strategy to improve functionality and reduce inequities. Contrary to prior evidence, sex was not directly associated with functional limitation. Therefore, higher rates of functionality loss previously reported in the literature may not simply be linked to being a woman but rather to the societal implications of being a woman in contemporary contexts. Similarly, access to health services did not show a significant relationship with functional limitation despite the health system being a critical intermediate social determinant of health with the potential to address inequities. This research underscores the importance of intersectionality in understanding inequality, offering a nuanced perspective on overlapping systems of oppression and privilege to address disparities in Mexican older adults.
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spelling doaj-art-bc5d89cc10e64299a875360f61b05f6c2025-08-20T03:36:22ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01208e032521110.1371/journal.pone.0325211Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.Héctor García-HernándezGuillermo Salinas-EscuderoHortensia Reyes-MoralesMaría Fernanda Carrillo-VegaFunctional limitation represents a major health concern among older adults, with its incidence increased based on personal characteristics such as being a woman, having minor levels of education, and lower socioeconomic status, leading to health inequities. Addressing these inequities requires comprehensive frameworks like intersectionality to provide a broader perspective. This study analyzes health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults using data from the 2021 round of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) within an intersectional framework. The Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) technique, recognized as the gold standard in quantitative intersectionality research, was employed. Six variables were assessed: age, sex, education, social engagement, economic status, and access to health services. The results indicate that age, social engagement, and economic status were the main variables that explain functional limitation. Enhancing social engagement emerges as a practical short-term strategy to improve functionality and reduce inequities. Contrary to prior evidence, sex was not directly associated with functional limitation. Therefore, higher rates of functionality loss previously reported in the literature may not simply be linked to being a woman but rather to the societal implications of being a woman in contemporary contexts. Similarly, access to health services did not show a significant relationship with functional limitation despite the health system being a critical intermediate social determinant of health with the potential to address inequities. This research underscores the importance of intersectionality in understanding inequality, offering a nuanced perspective on overlapping systems of oppression and privilege to address disparities in Mexican older adults.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325211
spellingShingle Héctor García-Hernández
Guillermo Salinas-Escudero
Hortensia Reyes-Morales
María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega
Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.
PLoS ONE
title Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.
title_full Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.
title_fullStr Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.
title_full_unstemmed Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.
title_short Health inequities in functional limitation among Mexican older adults: An intersectional approach.
title_sort health inequities in functional limitation among mexican older adults an intersectional approach
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325211
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