Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis

The least significant bit (LSB) substitution techniques are detected by RS analysis and the traditional pixel value differencing (PVD) approaches are detected by pixel difference histogram (PDH) analysis. The PVD steganography can escape from PDH analysis by using the edges in multiple directions. T...

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Main Author: Gandharba Swain
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-01-01
Series:Advances in Multimedia
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4847098
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author Gandharba Swain
author_facet Gandharba Swain
author_sort Gandharba Swain
collection DOAJ
description The least significant bit (LSB) substitution techniques are detected by RS analysis and the traditional pixel value differencing (PVD) approaches are detected by pixel difference histogram (PDH) analysis. The PVD steganography can escape from PDH analysis by using the edges in multiple directions. This paper proposes a steganography technique by exploiting the edges in eight directions and also using LSB substitution to resist from both RS analysis and PDH analysis. For every 3×3 pixel block the central pixel is embedded with 3 or 4 bits of data by modified LSB substitution technique. Then this new value of the central pixel is utilized to calculate eight difference values with eight neighboring pixels. These eight difference values are used to hide the data. There are two types with regard to two different range tables. Type 1 uses 3 bit modified LSB substitution and range table 1. Type 2 uses 4 bit modified LSB substitution and range table 2. Type 1 and type 2 are also known as variant 1 and variant 2, respectively. Type 1 possesses higher PSNR and type 2 possesses higher hiding capacity.
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spelling doaj-art-bc4ee1995daa4af2a8d54b5ef304ec722025-08-20T03:22:54ZengWileyAdvances in Multimedia1687-56801687-56992018-01-01201810.1155/2018/48470984847098Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH AnalysisGandharba Swain0Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522502, IndiaThe least significant bit (LSB) substitution techniques are detected by RS analysis and the traditional pixel value differencing (PVD) approaches are detected by pixel difference histogram (PDH) analysis. The PVD steganography can escape from PDH analysis by using the edges in multiple directions. This paper proposes a steganography technique by exploiting the edges in eight directions and also using LSB substitution to resist from both RS analysis and PDH analysis. For every 3×3 pixel block the central pixel is embedded with 3 or 4 bits of data by modified LSB substitution technique. Then this new value of the central pixel is utilized to calculate eight difference values with eight neighboring pixels. These eight difference values are used to hide the data. There are two types with regard to two different range tables. Type 1 uses 3 bit modified LSB substitution and range table 1. Type 2 uses 4 bit modified LSB substitution and range table 2. Type 1 and type 2 are also known as variant 1 and variant 2, respectively. Type 1 possesses higher PSNR and type 2 possesses higher hiding capacity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4847098
spellingShingle Gandharba Swain
Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis
Advances in Multimedia
title Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis
title_full Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis
title_fullStr Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis
title_short Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis
title_sort digital image steganography using eight directional pvd against rs analysis and pdh analysis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4847098
work_keys_str_mv AT gandharbaswain digitalimagesteganographyusingeightdirectionalpvdagainstrsanalysisandpdhanalysis