Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project
<p>Tropospheric ozone trends from models and satellites are found to diverge. Ground-based (GB) observations are used to reference models and satellites, but GB data themselves might display station biases and discontinuities. Reprocessing with uniform procedures, the TOAR-II working group Har...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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| author | R. Van Malderen A. M. Thompson A. M. Thompson D. E. Kollonige D. E. Kollonige R. M. Stauffer H. G. J. Smit E. Maillard Barras C. Vigouroux I. Petropavlovskikh I. Petropavlovskikh T. Leblanc V. Thouret P. Wolff P. Effertz P. Effertz D. W. Tarasick D. Poyraz G. Ancellet M.-R. De Backer S. Evan V. Flood M. M. Frey J. W. Hannigan J. L. Hernandez M. Iarlori B. J. Johnson N. Jones R. Kivi E. Mahieu G. McConville K. Müller T. Nagahama J. Notholt A. Piters N. Prats R. Querel D. Smale W. Steinbrecht K. Strong R. Sussmann |
| author_facet | R. Van Malderen A. M. Thompson A. M. Thompson D. E. Kollonige D. E. Kollonige R. M. Stauffer H. G. J. Smit E. Maillard Barras C. Vigouroux I. Petropavlovskikh I. Petropavlovskikh T. Leblanc V. Thouret P. Wolff P. Effertz P. Effertz D. W. Tarasick D. Poyraz G. Ancellet M.-R. De Backer S. Evan V. Flood M. M. Frey J. W. Hannigan J. L. Hernandez M. Iarlori B. J. Johnson N. Jones R. Kivi E. Mahieu G. McConville K. Müller T. Nagahama J. Notholt A. Piters N. Prats R. Querel D. Smale W. Steinbrecht K. Strong R. Sussmann |
| author_sort | R. Van Malderen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Tropospheric ozone trends from models and satellites are found to diverge. Ground-based (GB) observations are used to reference models and satellites, but GB data themselves might display station biases and discontinuities. Reprocessing with uniform procedures, the TOAR-II working group Harmonization and Evaluation of Ground-based Instruments for Free-Tropospheric Ozone Measurements (HEGIFTOM) homogenized public data from five networks: ozonesondes, In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) profiles, solar absorption Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements, lidar observations, and Dobson Umkehr data. Amounts and uncertainties for total tropospheric ozone (TrOC; surface to 300 hPa), as well as free- and lower-tropospheric ozone, are calculated for each network. We report trends (2000 to 2022) for these segments using quantile regression (QR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) for 55 datasets, including six multi-instrument stations. The findings are that (1) median TrOC trends computed with QR and MLR trends are essentially the same; (2) pole-to-pole, across all longitudes, TrOC trends fall within <span class="inline-formula">+</span>3 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>3 ppbv per decade, equivalent to (<span class="inline-formula">−</span>4 % to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>8 %) per decade depending on site; (3) the greatest fractional increases occur over most tropical and subtropical sites, with decreases at northern high latitudes, but these patterns are not uniform; (4) post-COVID trends are smaller than pre-COVID trends for Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude sites. In summary, this analysis conducted in the frame of TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM shows that high-quality, multi-instrument, harmonized data over a wide range of ground sites provide clear standard references for TOAR-II models and evolving tropospheric ozone satellite products for 2000–2022.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc3cd63729d6453cb2cfa29b0d58c11f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc3cd63729d6453cb2cfa29b0d58c11f2025-08-20T03:28:34ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242025-07-01257187722510.5194/acp-25-7187-2025Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM projectR. Van Malderen0A. M. Thompson1A. M. Thompson2D. E. Kollonige3D. E. Kollonige4R. M. Stauffer5H. G. J. Smit6E. Maillard Barras7C. Vigouroux8I. Petropavlovskikh9I. Petropavlovskikh10T. Leblanc11V. Thouret12P. Wolff13P. Effertz14P. Effertz15D. W. Tarasick16D. Poyraz17G. Ancellet18M.-R. De Backer19S. Evan20V. Flood21M. M. Frey22J. W. Hannigan23J. L. Hernandez24M. Iarlori25B. J. Johnson26N. Jones27R. Kivi28E. Mahieu29G. McConville30K. Müller31T. Nagahama32J. Notholt33A. Piters34N. Prats35R. Querel36D. Smale37W. Steinbrecht38K. Strong39R. Sussmann40Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium and Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence, Uccle, BelgiumAtmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USAGESTAR, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USAAtmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USAScience Systems and Applications, Inc, Lanham, MD, USAAtmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USAForschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, SwitzerlandRoyal Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, BelgiumCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USANOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Wrightwood, California, USALaboratoire d'Aérologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, FranceObservatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, FranceCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USANOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USAEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ONT, CanadaRoyal Meteorological Institute of Belgium and Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence, Uccle, BelgiumLATMOS, Sorbonne Université, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, Paris, FranceGroupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, Université de Reims, Reims, FranceLaboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France, Saint-Denis, FranceDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaIMKASF, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyAtmospheric Chemistry, Observations & Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USAState Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Madrid, SpainCETEMPS Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, ItalyNOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USASchool of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaFinnish Meteorological Institute, Space and Earth Observation Centre, Sodankylä, FinlandInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, Liège, BelgiumNOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USAAlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, GermanyInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JapanInstitute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, GermanyRoyal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsIzaña Atmospheric Research Center, State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New ZealandNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New ZealandDeutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany<p>Tropospheric ozone trends from models and satellites are found to diverge. Ground-based (GB) observations are used to reference models and satellites, but GB data themselves might display station biases and discontinuities. Reprocessing with uniform procedures, the TOAR-II working group Harmonization and Evaluation of Ground-based Instruments for Free-Tropospheric Ozone Measurements (HEGIFTOM) homogenized public data from five networks: ozonesondes, In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) profiles, solar absorption Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements, lidar observations, and Dobson Umkehr data. Amounts and uncertainties for total tropospheric ozone (TrOC; surface to 300 hPa), as well as free- and lower-tropospheric ozone, are calculated for each network. We report trends (2000 to 2022) for these segments using quantile regression (QR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) for 55 datasets, including six multi-instrument stations. The findings are that (1) median TrOC trends computed with QR and MLR trends are essentially the same; (2) pole-to-pole, across all longitudes, TrOC trends fall within <span class="inline-formula">+</span>3 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>3 ppbv per decade, equivalent to (<span class="inline-formula">−</span>4 % to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>8 %) per decade depending on site; (3) the greatest fractional increases occur over most tropical and subtropical sites, with decreases at northern high latitudes, but these patterns are not uniform; (4) post-COVID trends are smaller than pre-COVID trends for Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude sites. In summary, this analysis conducted in the frame of TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM shows that high-quality, multi-instrument, harmonized data over a wide range of ground sites provide clear standard references for TOAR-II models and evolving tropospheric ozone satellite products for 2000–2022.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/7187/2025/acp-25-7187-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | R. Van Malderen A. M. Thompson A. M. Thompson D. E. Kollonige D. E. Kollonige R. M. Stauffer H. G. J. Smit E. Maillard Barras C. Vigouroux I. Petropavlovskikh I. Petropavlovskikh T. Leblanc V. Thouret P. Wolff P. Effertz P. Effertz D. W. Tarasick D. Poyraz G. Ancellet M.-R. De Backer S. Evan V. Flood M. M. Frey J. W. Hannigan J. L. Hernandez M. Iarlori B. J. Johnson N. Jones R. Kivi E. Mahieu G. McConville K. Müller T. Nagahama J. Notholt A. Piters N. Prats R. Querel D. Smale W. Steinbrecht K. Strong R. Sussmann Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project |
| title_full | Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project |
| title_fullStr | Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project |
| title_short | Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project |
| title_sort | global ground based tropospheric ozone measurements reference data and individual site trends 2000 2022 from the toar ii hegiftom project |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/7187/2025/acp-25-7187-2025.pdf |
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