Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure Storage
<i>Cyperus esculentus</i> is an invasive sedge causing high losses in many crops. Prevention is key in minimizing further spread and damage. Propagules (tubers or seeds) may spread via cattle manure. This study examined the effect of ensiling, digestion, and storage in manure on the viab...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/844 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850183725496664064 |
|---|---|
| author | Jeroen Feys Emiel Welvaert Mattie De Meester Joos Latré Eva Wambacq Danny Callens Shana Clercx Gert Van de Ven Dirk Reheul Benny De Cauwer |
| author_facet | Jeroen Feys Emiel Welvaert Mattie De Meester Joos Latré Eva Wambacq Danny Callens Shana Clercx Gert Van de Ven Dirk Reheul Benny De Cauwer |
| author_sort | Jeroen Feys |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> is an invasive sedge causing high losses in many crops. Prevention is key in minimizing further spread and damage. Propagules (tubers or seeds) may spread via cattle manure. This study examined the effect of ensiling, digestion, and storage in manure on the viability of <i>C. esculentus</i> propagules. Propagules were subjected to five durations (0–16 weeks) in silage maize, seven durations (0–48 h) of ruminal digestion, and five durations of storage (0–16 weeks) in manure (slurry or farmyard), or combinations of previous processes. Afterwards, the viabilities were determined by a germination and tetrazolium test. After 6 weeks in a maize silo, the viability of the propagules was reduced by at least 96%. Incubation for 36 h in the rumen, followed by post-ruminal digestion in vitro, reduced seed viability by 30%. However, for the tubers, no effect was observed. The viability of seeds and tubers was reduced by 90% after 11.5 and 13.7 weeks of incubation in slurry, respectively. Compared with seeds, tubers were less tolerant to 12–24 h of animal digestion, followed by 8 weeks of storage in slurry. Keeping a maize silo closed for at least 6 weeks and maintaining slurry storage for at least 16 weeks are excellent measures to eliminate <i>C. esculentus</i>. For farmers, these preventive measures are relatively easy and cheap to implement compared to the requirements of curative control methods. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc177bf71b7f4e8a9d7e33578b19b76f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc177bf71b7f4e8a9d7e33578b19b76f2025-08-20T02:17:14ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-03-0115484410.3390/agronomy15040844Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure StorageJeroen Feys0Emiel Welvaert1Mattie De Meester2Joos Latré3Eva Wambacq4Danny Callens5Shana Clercx6Gert Van de Ven7Dirk Reheul8Benny De Cauwer9Department of Plant & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Plant & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Plant & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumResearch Station HoGent-UGent, University College Ghent, 9820 Bottelare, BelgiumResearch Station HoGent-UGent, University College Ghent, 9820 Bottelare, BelgiumResearch and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture (INAGRO VZW), 8800 Rumbeke-Beitem, BelgiumEducational Research Center (PVL), 3950 Bocholt, BelgiumExperimental Farm Hooibeekhoeve, 2440 Geel, BelgiumDepartment of Plant & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Plant & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium<i>Cyperus esculentus</i> is an invasive sedge causing high losses in many crops. Prevention is key in minimizing further spread and damage. Propagules (tubers or seeds) may spread via cattle manure. This study examined the effect of ensiling, digestion, and storage in manure on the viability of <i>C. esculentus</i> propagules. Propagules were subjected to five durations (0–16 weeks) in silage maize, seven durations (0–48 h) of ruminal digestion, and five durations of storage (0–16 weeks) in manure (slurry or farmyard), or combinations of previous processes. Afterwards, the viabilities were determined by a germination and tetrazolium test. After 6 weeks in a maize silo, the viability of the propagules was reduced by at least 96%. Incubation for 36 h in the rumen, followed by post-ruminal digestion in vitro, reduced seed viability by 30%. However, for the tubers, no effect was observed. The viability of seeds and tubers was reduced by 90% after 11.5 and 13.7 weeks of incubation in slurry, respectively. Compared with seeds, tubers were less tolerant to 12–24 h of animal digestion, followed by 8 weeks of storage in slurry. Keeping a maize silo closed for at least 6 weeks and maintaining slurry storage for at least 16 weeks are excellent measures to eliminate <i>C. esculentus</i>. For farmers, these preventive measures are relatively easy and cheap to implement compared to the requirements of curative control methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/844preventionintegrated weed managementrumenslurrymaize silagepropagule dispersal risk |
| spellingShingle | Jeroen Feys Emiel Welvaert Mattie De Meester Joos Latré Eva Wambacq Danny Callens Shana Clercx Gert Van de Ven Dirk Reheul Benny De Cauwer Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure Storage Agronomy prevention integrated weed management rumen slurry maize silage propagule dispersal risk |
| title | Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure Storage |
| title_full | Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure Storage |
| title_fullStr | Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure Storage |
| title_short | Viability of <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> Seeds and Tubers After Ensiling, Digestion by Cattle, and Manure Storage |
| title_sort | viability of i cyperus esculentus i seeds and tubers after ensiling digestion by cattle and manure storage |
| topic | prevention integrated weed management rumen slurry maize silage propagule dispersal risk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/844 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeroenfeys viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT emielwelvaert viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT mattiedemeester viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT jooslatre viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT evawambacq viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT dannycallens viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT shanaclercx viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT gertvandeven viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT dirkreheul viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage AT bennydecauwer viabilityoficyperusesculentusiseedsandtubersafterensilingdigestionbycattleandmanurestorage |