A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia
Total suspended solids (TSS) is an important parameter of water quality, so regular monitoring is necessary to prevent further marine pollution due to TSS. Remote sensing is one of the most effective and efficient methods to monitor TSS with cost-effective operations. The Sentinel-2 satellite is fre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Diponegoro University; Association of Indonesian Coastal Management Experts
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Ilmu Kelautan |
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| Online Access: | https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/66149 |
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| author | Anis Yasmin Sabila Lilik Maslukah Anindya Wirasatriya Elis Indrayanti Indra Budi Prasetyawan Sugeng Widada |
| author_facet | Anis Yasmin Sabila Lilik Maslukah Anindya Wirasatriya Elis Indrayanti Indra Budi Prasetyawan Sugeng Widada |
| author_sort | Anis Yasmin Sabila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Total suspended solids (TSS) is an important parameter of water quality, so regular monitoring is necessary to prevent further marine pollution due to TSS. Remote sensing is one of the most effective and efficient methods to monitor TSS with cost-effective operations. The Sentinel-2 satellite is freely available to users with high spectral and spatial resolution (10m, 20m, 60m). Dynamic changes in coastal waters and their characteristics cause TSS retrieval algorithms built from available imagery having less optimal results in other water regions. This research aims to develop an empirical TSS algorithm model that specifically applies to the coastal waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara. The algorithm was developed using an empirical method through correlation between spectral values of Sentinel-2 imagery and in situ TSS values. Water sampling was conducted at 110 stations with a depth of 0.5 m on 22 July 2023 simultaneously collocated with Sentinel-2 image recording. Half of the data was used for algorithm tuning and the other half used for validation. The best regression analysis is found in the red band (B4) and the model is linear. The relatively good performance is shown by the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.45, RMSE (3.40 mg.L-1), and MAPE (10.76%). The resulting algorithmic model was TSS (mg.L-1) =817.213*(B4)-0.959. This study shows that Sentinel-2 MSI images for TSS retrieval in the coastal waters of Teluk Awur could be applicable and the red band (B4) can be used for mapping TSS concentrations in the surrounding study area. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc149888fd674352969cb0c1a2236d48 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0853-7291 2406-7598 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Diponegoro University; Association of Indonesian Coastal Management Experts |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ilmu Kelautan |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc149888fd674352969cb0c1a2236d482025-08-20T03:15:02ZengDiponegoro University; Association of Indonesian Coastal Management ExpertsIlmu Kelautan0853-72912406-75982024-12-0129449550210.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.495-50224935A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, IndonesiaAnis Yasmin Sabila0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7972-6683Lilik Maslukah1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-9212Anindya Wirasatriya2Elis Indrayanti3Indra Budi Prasetyawan4Sugeng Widada5Magister Program of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, IndonesiaDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, IndonesiaDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, IndonesiaDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, IndonesiaDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, IndonesiaDepartment of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, IndonesiaTotal suspended solids (TSS) is an important parameter of water quality, so regular monitoring is necessary to prevent further marine pollution due to TSS. Remote sensing is one of the most effective and efficient methods to monitor TSS with cost-effective operations. The Sentinel-2 satellite is freely available to users with high spectral and spatial resolution (10m, 20m, 60m). Dynamic changes in coastal waters and their characteristics cause TSS retrieval algorithms built from available imagery having less optimal results in other water regions. This research aims to develop an empirical TSS algorithm model that specifically applies to the coastal waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara. The algorithm was developed using an empirical method through correlation between spectral values of Sentinel-2 imagery and in situ TSS values. Water sampling was conducted at 110 stations with a depth of 0.5 m on 22 July 2023 simultaneously collocated with Sentinel-2 image recording. Half of the data was used for algorithm tuning and the other half used for validation. The best regression analysis is found in the red band (B4) and the model is linear. The relatively good performance is shown by the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.45, RMSE (3.40 mg.L-1), and MAPE (10.76%). The resulting algorithmic model was TSS (mg.L-1) =817.213*(B4)-0.959. This study shows that Sentinel-2 MSI images for TSS retrieval in the coastal waters of Teluk Awur could be applicable and the red band (B4) can be used for mapping TSS concentrations in the surrounding study area.https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/66149algorithm, suspended solid, sentinel-2, teluk awur, remote sensing |
| spellingShingle | Anis Yasmin Sabila Lilik Maslukah Anindya Wirasatriya Elis Indrayanti Indra Budi Prasetyawan Sugeng Widada A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia Ilmu Kelautan algorithm, suspended solid, sentinel-2, teluk awur, remote sensing |
| title | A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia |
| title_full | A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia |
| title_short | A Robust Algorithm for Estimating Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Using Sentinel-2: Case Study in Coastal Waters of Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia |
| title_sort | robust algorithm for estimating total suspended solids tss using sentinel 2 case study in coastal waters of teluk awur jepara indonesia |
| topic | algorithm, suspended solid, sentinel-2, teluk awur, remote sensing |
| url | https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/66149 |
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