Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings

Abstract Objective To compare the effectiveness of amoxicillin‐clavulanate versus amoxicillin for adults diagnosed with acute sinusitis (AS). A secondary objective compared antibiotic effectiveness in patients meeting risk criteria for treatment failure. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adult...

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Main Authors: Suzette A. Rovelsky, Richard E. Remington, McKenna Nevers, Benjamin Pontefract, Adam L. Hersh, Matthew Samore, Karl Madaras‐Kelly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-06-01
Series:Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12465
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author Suzette A. Rovelsky
Richard E. Remington
McKenna Nevers
Benjamin Pontefract
Adam L. Hersh
Matthew Samore
Karl Madaras‐Kelly
author_facet Suzette A. Rovelsky
Richard E. Remington
McKenna Nevers
Benjamin Pontefract
Adam L. Hersh
Matthew Samore
Karl Madaras‐Kelly
author_sort Suzette A. Rovelsky
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective To compare the effectiveness of amoxicillin‐clavulanate versus amoxicillin for adults diagnosed with acute sinusitis (AS). A secondary objective compared antibiotic effectiveness in patients meeting risk criteria for treatment failure. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with AS prescribed amoxicillin ± clavulanate within Veterans Affairs emergency departments from 2012–2019 was conducted. The primary outcome was sinusitis‐related return visits for amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate. Secondary outcomes included 30‐day infectious complications, gastrointestinal‐related adverse events (AEs), and hospitalizations. Propensity‐score matching and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results A total of 89,627 AS patient visits were identified: 18,576 prescribed amoxicillin and 71,051 amoxicillin‐clavulanate. Most patients were male (75,604; 84.4%) and afebrile (80,624; 91.7%). The propensity score‐matched cohort comprised 17,929 amoxicillin and 42,294 amoxicillin‐clavulanate patient visits. There was no difference in sinusitis‐related return visits between amoxicillin (4.9%) and amoxicillin‐clavulanate (5.1%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88, 1.04; P = 0.317). Infectious complications (amoxicillin [0.3%] vs amoxicillin‐clavulanate [0.4%]); (adjusted OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57, 1.07; P = 0.124) and hospitalization (amoxicillin [2.0%] vs amoxicillin‐clavulanate [2.4%]); (adjusted OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81, 1.04; P = 0.173) were not different. Gastrointestinal‐related AEs were lower with amoxicillin (0.5%) relative to amoxicillin‐clavulanate (0.7%); (adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53, 0.86; P = 0.002). Comorbidity was the only guideline‐recommended risk factor that was a significant predictor of infectious complications with respect to treatment (amoxicillin vs amoxicillin‐clavulanate, OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.94; P = 0.022). Conclusion Amoxicillin demonstrated similar efficacy to amoxicillin‐clavulanate for AS with fewer gastrointestinal‐related AEs. Amoxicillin is a viable option in adults with AS meeting criteria for antibiotic therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-bc13cebf1b3441f4836ef2a7c1694f232025-08-20T03:52:07ZengElsevierJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open2688-11522021-06-0123n/an/a10.1002/emp2.12465Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settingsSuzette A. Rovelsky0Richard E. Remington1McKenna Nevers2Benjamin Pontefract3Adam L. Hersh4Matthew Samore5Karl Madaras‐Kelly6Boise VA Medical Center Boise Idaho USAQuantified, Inc. Boise Idaho USAVA Salt Lake City Healthcare System SLC Utah USAFerris State University Big Rapids Michigan USAUniversity of Utah School of Medicine SLC Utah USAVA Salt Lake City Healthcare System SLC Utah USABoise VA Medical Center Boise Idaho USAAbstract Objective To compare the effectiveness of amoxicillin‐clavulanate versus amoxicillin for adults diagnosed with acute sinusitis (AS). A secondary objective compared antibiotic effectiveness in patients meeting risk criteria for treatment failure. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with AS prescribed amoxicillin ± clavulanate within Veterans Affairs emergency departments from 2012–2019 was conducted. The primary outcome was sinusitis‐related return visits for amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate. Secondary outcomes included 30‐day infectious complications, gastrointestinal‐related adverse events (AEs), and hospitalizations. Propensity‐score matching and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results A total of 89,627 AS patient visits were identified: 18,576 prescribed amoxicillin and 71,051 amoxicillin‐clavulanate. Most patients were male (75,604; 84.4%) and afebrile (80,624; 91.7%). The propensity score‐matched cohort comprised 17,929 amoxicillin and 42,294 amoxicillin‐clavulanate patient visits. There was no difference in sinusitis‐related return visits between amoxicillin (4.9%) and amoxicillin‐clavulanate (5.1%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88, 1.04; P = 0.317). Infectious complications (amoxicillin [0.3%] vs amoxicillin‐clavulanate [0.4%]); (adjusted OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57, 1.07; P = 0.124) and hospitalization (amoxicillin [2.0%] vs amoxicillin‐clavulanate [2.4%]); (adjusted OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81, 1.04; P = 0.173) were not different. Gastrointestinal‐related AEs were lower with amoxicillin (0.5%) relative to amoxicillin‐clavulanate (0.7%); (adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53, 0.86; P = 0.002). Comorbidity was the only guideline‐recommended risk factor that was a significant predictor of infectious complications with respect to treatment (amoxicillin vs amoxicillin‐clavulanate, OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.94; P = 0.022). Conclusion Amoxicillin demonstrated similar efficacy to amoxicillin‐clavulanate for AS with fewer gastrointestinal‐related AEs. Amoxicillin is a viable option in adults with AS meeting criteria for antibiotic therapy.https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12465adverse drug eventamoxicillin‐clavulanateantimicrobial stewardshipclinical outcomesoutpatientsinusitis
spellingShingle Suzette A. Rovelsky
Richard E. Remington
McKenna Nevers
Benjamin Pontefract
Adam L. Hersh
Matthew Samore
Karl Madaras‐Kelly
Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings
Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open
adverse drug event
amoxicillin‐clavulanate
antimicrobial stewardship
clinical outcomes
outpatient
sinusitis
title Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings
title_full Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings
title_fullStr Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings
title_full_unstemmed Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings
title_short Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings
title_sort comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings
topic adverse drug event
amoxicillin‐clavulanate
antimicrobial stewardship
clinical outcomes
outpatient
sinusitis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12465
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