On sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for independent multi-ancillary services in AC grids
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) arise as a crucial technology to transition from conventional/centralized to decentralized/electronized power systems. A multi-step BESS sizing procedure for independent multi-ancillary services is a highly demanded tool that supports prosumers’ and utilities’ d...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | e-Prime: Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277267112500107X |
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| Summary: | Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) arise as a crucial technology to transition from conventional/centralized to decentralized/electronized power systems. A multi-step BESS sizing procedure for independent multi-ancillary services is a highly demanded tool that supports prosumers’ and utilities’ decision-making to pursue attractive investments that meet the intended technical requirements. Thus, this paper proposes a novel multi-step methodology for BESS sizing, evaluating economic viability, utilizing real-world mission profiles, and estimating Li-ion battery bank degradation, based on three ancillary services: self-consumption (SC), energy time-shift (ETS), and islanded (IS) operation. The methodology is applied to four case studies in the SC and ETS modes, evaluating the effects of (i) photovoltaic (PV) power plant size, (ii) fixed PV capacity, (iii) battery size trade-offs, and (iv) grid power charging. Results showed that the sized BESS performing ETS, charged by a 250 kW PV system, with a capital expenditure of $218,806, achieved a net present value of $417,739, an internal rate of return of 18.55%, and a discounted payback period of 9 years. The system maintains an average state of charge of 75%, with 6.4% of the time unable to provide ETS due to battery constraints. In islanded operation, the same system provided 10 h of autonomy during grid outages, which is sufficient to support the facility. It is also shown that sensitivity analysis in promising scenarios, such as energy tariff increases and BESS cost reductions, further enhances the technical and economic feasibility of the system. |
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| ISSN: | 2772-6711 |