The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals

The last decades of research have shown that the endocannabinoid system may be a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological treatment of cancer in human medicine and possibly in veterinary medicine as well. Compared with the original cells, the expression of gene encoding for receptors and...

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Main Authors: Giorgia della Rocca, Alessandra Di Salvo, Erica Salucci, Michela Amadori, Giovanni Re, Cristina Vercelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2185
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author Giorgia della Rocca
Alessandra Di Salvo
Erica Salucci
Michela Amadori
Giovanni Re
Cristina Vercelli
author_facet Giorgia della Rocca
Alessandra Di Salvo
Erica Salucci
Michela Amadori
Giovanni Re
Cristina Vercelli
author_sort Giorgia della Rocca
collection DOAJ
description The last decades of research have shown that the endocannabinoid system may be a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological treatment of cancer in human medicine and possibly in veterinary medicine as well. Compared with the original cells, the expression of gene encoding for receptors and enzymes belonging to the endocannabinoid system has been found to be altered in several tumor types; it has been hypothesized that this aberrant expression may be related to the course of the neoplasm as well as to the patient’s prognosis. Several studies, conducted both in vitro and in vivo, suggest that both endo- and phytocannabinoids can modulate signaling pathways, controlling cell proliferation and survival. In the complex process of carcinogenesis, cannabinoids seem to intervene at different levels by stimulating cell death, inhibiting the processes of angiogenesis and metastasis, and regulating antitumor immunity. Although the molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoids act are not always clear and defined, their synergistic activity with the most used antineoplastic drugs in clinical oncology is showing promising results, thus providing veterinary medicine with alternative therapeutic targets in disease control. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the potential role of the endocannabinoid system and exogenous cannabinoids in oncology, with specific reference to the molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoids may exert antitumor activity. Additionally, it explores the potential synergy between cannabinoids and conventional anticancer drugs and considers their application in veterinary oncology.
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spelling doaj-art-bc028bf61c074969b26311f97dc9ea5f2025-08-20T03:02:56ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011515218510.3390/ani15152185The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion AnimalsGiorgia della Rocca0Alessandra Di Salvo1Erica Salucci2Michela Amadori3Giovanni Re4Cristina Vercelli5Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, ItalyThe last decades of research have shown that the endocannabinoid system may be a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological treatment of cancer in human medicine and possibly in veterinary medicine as well. Compared with the original cells, the expression of gene encoding for receptors and enzymes belonging to the endocannabinoid system has been found to be altered in several tumor types; it has been hypothesized that this aberrant expression may be related to the course of the neoplasm as well as to the patient’s prognosis. Several studies, conducted both in vitro and in vivo, suggest that both endo- and phytocannabinoids can modulate signaling pathways, controlling cell proliferation and survival. In the complex process of carcinogenesis, cannabinoids seem to intervene at different levels by stimulating cell death, inhibiting the processes of angiogenesis and metastasis, and regulating antitumor immunity. Although the molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoids act are not always clear and defined, their synergistic activity with the most used antineoplastic drugs in clinical oncology is showing promising results, thus providing veterinary medicine with alternative therapeutic targets in disease control. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the potential role of the endocannabinoid system and exogenous cannabinoids in oncology, with specific reference to the molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoids may exert antitumor activity. Additionally, it explores the potential synergy between cannabinoids and conventional anticancer drugs and considers their application in veterinary oncology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2185endocannabinoid systemendocannabinoidsphytocannabinoidsoncologydogcat
spellingShingle Giorgia della Rocca
Alessandra Di Salvo
Erica Salucci
Michela Amadori
Giovanni Re
Cristina Vercelli
The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals
Animals
endocannabinoid system
endocannabinoids
phytocannabinoids
oncology
dog
cat
title The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals
title_full The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals
title_fullStr The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals
title_full_unstemmed The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals
title_short The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals
title_sort role of the endocannabinoid system in oncology and the potential use of cannabis derivatives for cancer management in companion animals
topic endocannabinoid system
endocannabinoids
phytocannabinoids
oncology
dog
cat
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2185
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