Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and Vaccination
Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) is an extraintestinal pathotype of <i>E. coli</i> that leads to a range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory, systemic and reproductive infections of chickens in both egg and meat production. Unlike most <i>E....
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MDPI AG
2024-08-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| author | Amyleigh Watts Paul Wigley |
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| description | Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) is an extraintestinal pathotype of <i>E. coli</i> that leads to a range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory, systemic and reproductive infections of chickens in both egg and meat production. Unlike most <i>E. coli</i> pathotypes, APEC is not defined by specific virulence genes but rather is a collection of several distinct genotypes that can act as both primary and secondary pathogens leading to colibacillosis. Recent measures to reduce antimicrobials both as growth promoters and as flock-level therapeutics are considered to have led to increased numbers of animals affected. Nevertheless, antimicrobial resistance is a considerable problem in APEC, with resistance to third and fourth-generation cephalosporins via extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), fluoroquinolones and colistin seen as a particular concern. The need to control APEC without antimicrobial use at the flock level has seen an increased focus on vaccination. Currently, a few commercial vaccines are already available, and a range of approaches are being applied to develop new vaccines, and other controls, such as bacteriophage or probiotics, are attracting interest. The lack of a single defined APEC genotype presents challenges to these approaches. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bbf1e8b65b704cae9c93cc15044d7b65 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-bbf1e8b65b704cae9c93cc15044d7b652025-08-20T01:56:04ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-08-0113980910.3390/antibiotics13090809Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and VaccinationAmyleigh Watts0Paul Wigley1Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UKBristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UKAvian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) is an extraintestinal pathotype of <i>E. coli</i> that leads to a range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory, systemic and reproductive infections of chickens in both egg and meat production. Unlike most <i>E. coli</i> pathotypes, APEC is not defined by specific virulence genes but rather is a collection of several distinct genotypes that can act as both primary and secondary pathogens leading to colibacillosis. Recent measures to reduce antimicrobials both as growth promoters and as flock-level therapeutics are considered to have led to increased numbers of animals affected. Nevertheless, antimicrobial resistance is a considerable problem in APEC, with resistance to third and fourth-generation cephalosporins via extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), fluoroquinolones and colistin seen as a particular concern. The need to control APEC without antimicrobial use at the flock level has seen an increased focus on vaccination. Currently, a few commercial vaccines are already available, and a range of approaches are being applied to develop new vaccines, and other controls, such as bacteriophage or probiotics, are attracting interest. The lack of a single defined APEC genotype presents challenges to these approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/9/809APECchickencolibacillosisESBLfluoroquinolonecolistin |
| spellingShingle | Amyleigh Watts Paul Wigley Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and Vaccination Antibiotics APEC chicken colibacillosis ESBL fluoroquinolone colistin |
| title | Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and Vaccination |
| title_full | Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and Vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and Vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and Vaccination |
| title_short | Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: An Overview of Infection Biology, Antimicrobial Resistance and Vaccination |
| title_sort | avian pathogenic i escherichia coli i an overview of infection biology antimicrobial resistance and vaccination |
| topic | APEC chicken colibacillosis ESBL fluoroquinolone colistin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/9/809 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amyleighwatts avianpathogeniciescherichiacoliianoverviewofinfectionbiologyantimicrobialresistanceandvaccination AT paulwigley avianpathogeniciescherichiacoliianoverviewofinfectionbiologyantimicrobialresistanceandvaccination |