Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteem

Via a shared link with schizotypy, paranormal belief (PB) and conspiracy theory endorsement (CT) influence meaning in life (presence and search). This association is important because meaning in life (particularly presence) is a significant prognosticator of positive wellbeing. Despite this, previou...

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Main Authors: Neil Dagnall, Andrew Denovan, Kenneth Graham Drinkwater
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1567920/full
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author Neil Dagnall
Andrew Denovan
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater
author_facet Neil Dagnall
Andrew Denovan
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater
author_sort Neil Dagnall
collection DOAJ
description Via a shared link with schizotypy, paranormal belief (PB) and conspiracy theory endorsement (CT) influence meaning in life (presence and search). This association is important because meaning in life (particularly presence) is a significant prognosticator of positive wellbeing. Despite this, previous research in this domain remains limited. Major restrictions being the assumption that belief is homogeneous and the failure to consider how factors related to positive wellbeing (i.e., creativity and self-esteem) explain links between belief, schizotypy and psychological health. Accordingly, based on PB, CT, and schizotypy, this study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify belief subgroups. Analysis then employed sequential mediation to assess whether creativity and self-esteem mediated the relationship between belief and meaning in life. A sample of 647 completed measures at four time points 2 months apart. At baseline, LPA identified two subgroups: Lower (Profile 1) vs. Higher (Profile 2) belief Ideation. Path analysis revealed that Profile 2 (vs. Profile 1) predicted greater search over time. Moreover, Profile 2 predicted creativity (self-efficacy and personal identity), which in combination with self-esteem, sequentially mediated the belief-meaning in life relationship. Explicitly, creative self-efficacy prognosticated greater self-esteem, which aligned with greater presence and lower search. Creative personal identity demonstrated a negative link with self-esteem but predicted presence and search. Overall, higher scorers in PB, CT, and schizotypy were less driven to search and more likely to possess presence as a function of possessing confidence in their ability to find solutions to problems and self-esteem.
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spelling doaj-art-bbf014dc0aab4e008c4b782196b3bcfa2025-08-20T02:57:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-05-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15679201567920Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteemNeil Dagnall0Andrew Denovan1Kenneth Graham Drinkwater2Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United KingdomLiverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, North West England, United KingdomManchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United KingdomVia a shared link with schizotypy, paranormal belief (PB) and conspiracy theory endorsement (CT) influence meaning in life (presence and search). This association is important because meaning in life (particularly presence) is a significant prognosticator of positive wellbeing. Despite this, previous research in this domain remains limited. Major restrictions being the assumption that belief is homogeneous and the failure to consider how factors related to positive wellbeing (i.e., creativity and self-esteem) explain links between belief, schizotypy and psychological health. Accordingly, based on PB, CT, and schizotypy, this study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify belief subgroups. Analysis then employed sequential mediation to assess whether creativity and self-esteem mediated the relationship between belief and meaning in life. A sample of 647 completed measures at four time points 2 months apart. At baseline, LPA identified two subgroups: Lower (Profile 1) vs. Higher (Profile 2) belief Ideation. Path analysis revealed that Profile 2 (vs. Profile 1) predicted greater search over time. Moreover, Profile 2 predicted creativity (self-efficacy and personal identity), which in combination with self-esteem, sequentially mediated the belief-meaning in life relationship. Explicitly, creative self-efficacy prognosticated greater self-esteem, which aligned with greater presence and lower search. Creative personal identity demonstrated a negative link with self-esteem but predicted presence and search. Overall, higher scorers in PB, CT, and schizotypy were less driven to search and more likely to possess presence as a function of possessing confidence in their ability to find solutions to problems and self-esteem.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1567920/fullparanormal beliefconspiracy beliefcreativityself-esteemschizotypylatent profile analysis
spellingShingle Neil Dagnall
Andrew Denovan
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater
Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteem
Frontiers in Psychology
paranormal belief
conspiracy belief
creativity
self-esteem
schizotypy
latent profile analysis
title Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteem
title_full Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteem
title_fullStr Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteem
title_full_unstemmed Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteem
title_short Examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life: sequential mediating effects of creativity and self-esteem
title_sort examining the degree to which paranormal belief and conspiracy endorsement influence meaning in life sequential mediating effects of creativity and self esteem
topic paranormal belief
conspiracy belief
creativity
self-esteem
schizotypy
latent profile analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1567920/full
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AT andrewdenovan examiningthedegreetowhichparanormalbeliefandconspiracyendorsementinfluencemeaninginlifesequentialmediatingeffectsofcreativityandselfesteem
AT kennethgrahamdrinkwater examiningthedegreetowhichparanormalbeliefandconspiracyendorsementinfluencemeaninginlifesequentialmediatingeffectsofcreativityandselfesteem