Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604
Asymmetric and narrow infalling structures, often called streamers, have been observed in several Class 0/I protostars, which is not expected in the classical star formation picture. Their origin and impact on the disk formation remain observationally unclear. By combining data from the James Clerk...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Miyu Kido Hsi-Wei Yen Jinshi Sai Shigehisa Takakuwa Nagayoshi Ohashi Yuri Aikawa Yusuke Aso Christian Flores Ilseung Han Patrick M. Koch Woojin Kwon Jeong-Eun Lee Zhi-Yun Li Leslie W. Looney Mayank Narang Kazuya Saigo Rajeeb Sharma Travis J. Thieme Kengo Tomida Jonathan P. Williams |
| author_facet | Miyu Kido Hsi-Wei Yen Jinshi Sai Shigehisa Takakuwa Nagayoshi Ohashi Yuri Aikawa Yusuke Aso Christian Flores Ilseung Han Patrick M. Koch Woojin Kwon Jeong-Eun Lee Zhi-Yun Li Leslie W. Looney Mayank Narang Kazuya Saigo Rajeeb Sharma Travis J. Thieme Kengo Tomida Jonathan P. Williams |
| author_sort | Miyu Kido |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asymmetric and narrow infalling structures, often called streamers, have been observed in several Class 0/I protostars, which is not expected in the classical star formation picture. Their origin and impact on the disk formation remain observationally unclear. By combining data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we investigate the physical properties of the streamers and parental dense core in the Class 0 protostar, IRAS 16544–1604. Three prominent streamers associated to the disk with lengths between 2800 and 5800 au are identified on the northern side of the protostar in the C ^18 O emission. Their mass and mass infalling rates are estimated to be in the range of (1–4) × 10 ^−3 M _⊙ and (1–5) × 10 ^−8 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , respectively. Infall signatures are also observed in the more diffuse extended protostellar envelope observed with the ALMA from the comparison to the infalling and rotating envelope model. The parental dense core detected by the JCMT observation has a mass of ∼0.5 M _⊙ , a subsonic to transonic turbulence of ${ \mathcal M }$ = 0.8–1.1, and a mass-to-flux ratio of 2–6. Our results show that the streamers in IRAS 16544–1604 only possess 2% of the entire dense core mass and contribute less than 10% of the mass infalling rate of the protostellar envelope. Therefore, the streamers in IRAS 16544–1604 play a minor role in the mass accretion process onto the disk, in contrast to those streamers observed in other sources and those formed in numerical simulations of collapsing dense cores with similar turbulence and magnetic field strengths. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bbec20aea208465185bdd8bb643d3a9c2025-08-20T02:25:39ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01985216610.3847/1538-4357/adc72aEarly Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604Miyu Kido0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-4239Hsi-Wei Yen1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-893XJinshi Sai2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-5577Shigehisa Takakuwa3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0845-128XNagayoshi Ohashi4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-5064Yuri Aikawa5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-6884Yusuke Aso6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8238-7709Christian Flores7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-472XIlseung Han8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9143-1433Patrick M. Koch9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-5861Woojin Kwon10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-4132Jeong-Eun Lee11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3119-2087Zhi-Yun Li12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-6487Leslie W. Looney13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-6587Mayank Narang14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0554-1151Kazuya Saigo15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1549-6435Rajeeb Sharma16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-544XTravis J. Thieme17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-1583Kengo Tomida18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-8113Jonathan P. Williams19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-695XAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jp; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jpAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jpAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jp; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jpDepartment of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; Department of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jpKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; Department of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institut de Ciéncies de l’Espai (ICE-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Can Magrans S/N, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, SpainAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jpDepartment of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; The Center for Educational Research, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaAstronomy Department and Virginia Institute for Theoretical Astronomy, University of Virginia , 530 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22904, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois , 1002 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USAAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jpDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, DenmarkAcademia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (ASIAA) , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; k3394334@kadai.jpAstronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, JapanInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa , 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USAAsymmetric and narrow infalling structures, often called streamers, have been observed in several Class 0/I protostars, which is not expected in the classical star formation picture. Their origin and impact on the disk formation remain observationally unclear. By combining data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we investigate the physical properties of the streamers and parental dense core in the Class 0 protostar, IRAS 16544–1604. Three prominent streamers associated to the disk with lengths between 2800 and 5800 au are identified on the northern side of the protostar in the C ^18 O emission. Their mass and mass infalling rates are estimated to be in the range of (1–4) × 10 ^−3 M _⊙ and (1–5) × 10 ^−8 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , respectively. Infall signatures are also observed in the more diffuse extended protostellar envelope observed with the ALMA from the comparison to the infalling and rotating envelope model. The parental dense core detected by the JCMT observation has a mass of ∼0.5 M _⊙ , a subsonic to transonic turbulence of ${ \mathcal M }$ = 0.8–1.1, and a mass-to-flux ratio of 2–6. Our results show that the streamers in IRAS 16544–1604 only possess 2% of the entire dense core mass and contribute less than 10% of the mass infalling rate of the protostellar envelope. Therefore, the streamers in IRAS 16544–1604 play a minor role in the mass accretion process onto the disk, in contrast to those streamers observed in other sources and those formed in numerical simulations of collapsing dense cores with similar turbulence and magnetic field strengths.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc72aProtoplanetary disksCircumstellar envelopesProtostarsStar formationLow mass stars |
| spellingShingle | Miyu Kido Hsi-Wei Yen Jinshi Sai Shigehisa Takakuwa Nagayoshi Ohashi Yuri Aikawa Yusuke Aso Christian Flores Ilseung Han Patrick M. Koch Woojin Kwon Jeong-Eun Lee Zhi-Yun Li Leslie W. Looney Mayank Narang Kazuya Saigo Rajeeb Sharma Travis J. Thieme Kengo Tomida Jonathan P. Williams Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604 The Astrophysical Journal Protoplanetary disks Circumstellar envelopes Protostars Star formation Low mass stars |
| title | Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604 |
| title_full | Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604 |
| title_fullStr | Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604 |
| title_short | Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XXI. Limited Role of Streamers in Mass Supply to the Disk in the Class 0 Protostar IRAS 16544-1604 |
| title_sort | early planet formation in embedded disks edisk xxi limited role of streamers in mass supply to the disk in the class 0 protostar iras 16544 1604 |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Circumstellar envelopes Protostars Star formation Low mass stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc72a |
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