City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in China

IntroductionWith rapid urbanization and rising living standards, environmental sanitation management has emerged as a critical component of modern urban governance systems. Concurrently, urban brand has gained prominence as a key indicator of a city’s soft power in contemporary urban development stu...

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Main Authors: Junyan Li, Lei Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Environmental Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1575303/full
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author Junyan Li
Lei Xu
author_facet Junyan Li
Lei Xu
author_sort Junyan Li
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionWith rapid urbanization and rising living standards, environmental sanitation management has emerged as a critical component of modern urban governance systems. Concurrently, urban brand has gained prominence as a key indicator of a city’s soft power in contemporary urban development studies.MethodsBased on panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities during 2001-2023, this study employs the acquisition of the National Civilized City (NCC) brand as a quasi-natural experiment and utilizes a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, with municipal solid waste collection and treatment as metrics for urban environmental sanitation, to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of city brand on environmental sanitation.ResultsThe findings reveal that: First, cities that achieved the NCC brand demonstrated significant improvements in environmental sanitation metrics, including increased municipal solid waste collection volume, harmless treatment volume, harmless treatment rate, and harmless treatment capacity. This improvement does not stem from short-term behaviors during the NCC evaluation period, but rather persists after obtaining the brand certification. Second, our mechanism analysis reveals that the NCC brand enhances urban environmental sanitation through three channels: improved sanitation infrastructure, increased governmental environmental attention, and heightened public environmental attention. Third, our heterogeneity analysis shows that the environmental impact varies across different urban contexts, with stronger effects observed in ordinary cities compared to higher-tier administrative centers, and more pronounced improvements in cities outside urban agglomerations versus those within urban agglomerations.DiscussionThis study broadens the research scope of city brand and enriches the environmental research framework within the Chinese context, while providing practical insights for policymakers seeking to enhance both city brand development and environmental management efficiency. The study proposes establishing long-term governance mechanisms combined with dynamic monitoring systems and adopting a multi-stakeholder co-governance model. Furthermore, it recommends implementing differentiated environmental strategies tailored to urban development levels.
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spelling doaj-art-bbd308705d024246bdff06c2a93829ae2025-08-20T02:31:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2025-05-011310.3389/fenvs.2025.15753031575303City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in ChinaJunyan Li0Lei Xu1School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Economics and Trade, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaIntroductionWith rapid urbanization and rising living standards, environmental sanitation management has emerged as a critical component of modern urban governance systems. Concurrently, urban brand has gained prominence as a key indicator of a city’s soft power in contemporary urban development studies.MethodsBased on panel data from 285 prefecture-level cities during 2001-2023, this study employs the acquisition of the National Civilized City (NCC) brand as a quasi-natural experiment and utilizes a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, with municipal solid waste collection and treatment as metrics for urban environmental sanitation, to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of city brand on environmental sanitation.ResultsThe findings reveal that: First, cities that achieved the NCC brand demonstrated significant improvements in environmental sanitation metrics, including increased municipal solid waste collection volume, harmless treatment volume, harmless treatment rate, and harmless treatment capacity. This improvement does not stem from short-term behaviors during the NCC evaluation period, but rather persists after obtaining the brand certification. Second, our mechanism analysis reveals that the NCC brand enhances urban environmental sanitation through three channels: improved sanitation infrastructure, increased governmental environmental attention, and heightened public environmental attention. Third, our heterogeneity analysis shows that the environmental impact varies across different urban contexts, with stronger effects observed in ordinary cities compared to higher-tier administrative centers, and more pronounced improvements in cities outside urban agglomerations versus those within urban agglomerations.DiscussionThis study broadens the research scope of city brand and enriches the environmental research framework within the Chinese context, while providing practical insights for policymakers seeking to enhance both city brand development and environmental management efficiency. The study proposes establishing long-term governance mechanisms combined with dynamic monitoring systems and adopting a multi-stakeholder co-governance model. Furthermore, it recommends implementing differentiated environmental strategies tailored to urban development levels.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1575303/fullcity brandnational civilized citiesenvironmental sanitationmunicipal solid wastedifference-in-differences
spellingShingle Junyan Li
Lei Xu
City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in China
Frontiers in Environmental Science
city brand
national civilized cities
environmental sanitation
municipal solid waste
difference-in-differences
title City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in China
title_full City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in China
title_fullStr City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in China
title_full_unstemmed City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in China
title_short City brand and urban environmental sanitation: evidence from the national civilized city in China
title_sort city brand and urban environmental sanitation evidence from the national civilized city in china
topic city brand
national civilized cities
environmental sanitation
municipal solid waste
difference-in-differences
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1575303/full
work_keys_str_mv AT junyanli citybrandandurbanenvironmentalsanitationevidencefromthenationalcivilizedcityinchina
AT leixu citybrandandurbanenvironmentalsanitationevidencefromthenationalcivilizedcityinchina