Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation
IntroductionThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Fasciola gigantica isolated from cattle, sheep, and goats in Sudan, aiming to provide new insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation.MethodsMitochondrial genomes were se...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1577469/full |
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| author | Bashir Salim Nouh S. Mohamed Kamal Ibrahim Saeed Alasmari Elisha Chatanga Elisha Chatanga Yuma Ohari Nariaki Nonaka Mohammad A. Alsaad Faisal Almathen Ryo Nakao Ryo Nakao Ryo Nakao |
| author_facet | Bashir Salim Nouh S. Mohamed Kamal Ibrahim Saeed Alasmari Elisha Chatanga Elisha Chatanga Yuma Ohari Nariaki Nonaka Mohammad A. Alsaad Faisal Almathen Ryo Nakao Ryo Nakao Ryo Nakao |
| author_sort | Bashir Salim |
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| description | IntroductionThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Fasciola gigantica isolated from cattle, sheep, and goats in Sudan, aiming to provide new insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation.MethodsMitochondrial genomes were sequenced using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq technology, yielding sequences of 14,483 bp, slightly longer than the reference genome (14,478 bp). A sliding window analysis was conducted to assess nucleotide diversity, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using complete mitochondrial sequences, including and excluding non-coding regions.ResultsKey genetic variations were observed, including a non-canonical start codon (GTG) in the ND5 gene and an alternative stop codon (TAA) in ND4. Length polymorphisms in ND4L and cox1 suggested potential mitochondrial efficiency adaptations. Non-coding regions showed minor length differences, with the long non-coding region extending by 20 bp and the short by 4 bp. Sliding window analysis identified ND4 and ND5 as the most variable genes, while cox1, nd1,andcox2 were the most conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct clustering of Sudanese F. gigantica isolates with strong bootstrap support. Excluding the D-loop preserved phylogenetic structure, while D-loop-specific analysis revealed high variability, particularly in the sheep isolate.DiscussionThese findings highlight significant genetic variation and evolutionary divergence among F. gigantica isolates in Sudan. The observed diversity, particularly within non-coding and variable coding regions, underscores the influence of regional evolutionary pressures and host-associated adaptations. This work enhances understanding of F. gigantica’s genetic landscape and supports the development of more targeted molecular surveillance and control strategies for fascioliasis in endemic regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bbd045ddd83341bd9dc0ad30ce358e6f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-bbd045ddd83341bd9dc0ad30ce358e6f2025-08-20T03:51:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-05-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15774691577469Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptationBashir Salim0Nouh S. Mohamed1Kamal Ibrahim2Saeed Alasmari3Elisha Chatanga4Elisha Chatanga5Yuma Ohari6Nariaki Nonaka7Mohammad A. Alsaad8Faisal Almathen9Ryo Nakao10Ryo Nakao11Ryo Nakao12Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi ArabiaMolecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Center, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Parasitology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaLaboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, MalawiLaboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanLaboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Umm AL Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Public Health and Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaLaboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanDivision of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan0One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanIntroductionThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Fasciola gigantica isolated from cattle, sheep, and goats in Sudan, aiming to provide new insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation.MethodsMitochondrial genomes were sequenced using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq technology, yielding sequences of 14,483 bp, slightly longer than the reference genome (14,478 bp). A sliding window analysis was conducted to assess nucleotide diversity, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using complete mitochondrial sequences, including and excluding non-coding regions.ResultsKey genetic variations were observed, including a non-canonical start codon (GTG) in the ND5 gene and an alternative stop codon (TAA) in ND4. Length polymorphisms in ND4L and cox1 suggested potential mitochondrial efficiency adaptations. Non-coding regions showed minor length differences, with the long non-coding region extending by 20 bp and the short by 4 bp. Sliding window analysis identified ND4 and ND5 as the most variable genes, while cox1, nd1,andcox2 were the most conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct clustering of Sudanese F. gigantica isolates with strong bootstrap support. Excluding the D-loop preserved phylogenetic structure, while D-loop-specific analysis revealed high variability, particularly in the sheep isolate.DiscussionThese findings highlight significant genetic variation and evolutionary divergence among F. gigantica isolates in Sudan. The observed diversity, particularly within non-coding and variable coding regions, underscores the influence of regional evolutionary pressures and host-associated adaptations. This work enhances understanding of F. gigantica’s genetic landscape and supports the development of more targeted molecular surveillance and control strategies for fascioliasis in endemic regions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1577469/fullFasciola giganticamitochondrial genomicsgenetic diversityphylogeneticshost adaptation |
| spellingShingle | Bashir Salim Nouh S. Mohamed Kamal Ibrahim Saeed Alasmari Elisha Chatanga Elisha Chatanga Yuma Ohari Nariaki Nonaka Mohammad A. Alsaad Faisal Almathen Ryo Nakao Ryo Nakao Ryo Nakao Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation Frontiers in Veterinary Science Fasciola gigantica mitochondrial genomics genetic diversity phylogenetics host adaptation |
| title | Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation |
| title_full | Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation |
| title_short | Comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of Fasciola gigantica from Sudan: insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation |
| title_sort | comprehensive mitochondrial genomics of fasciola gigantica from sudan insights into genetic diversity evolutionary dynamics and host adaptation |
| topic | Fasciola gigantica mitochondrial genomics genetic diversity phylogenetics host adaptation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1577469/full |
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